Release date: 2012-12-26
According to the US Science published on December 21, there are six major scientific fields worthy of attention in 2013: single-cell sequencing, “Planck†detection of microwave background radiation, human connectivity group planning, exploration of Antarctic ice world, cancer immunity Therapy and basic plant research.
Single-cell sequencing: Cells are the basic unit of biology, and researchers are trying to separate them, study and compare them. At present, genome sequencing in biological research is mostly carried out after extracting genetic material from a large number of cells, ignoring the difference between cells, and single cell sequencing can avoid this situation. Some scientists believe that by studying the genetic material in a single, intact cell, one can understand the working mechanism of cells, especially brain cells. In 2013, single-cell sequencing is expected to reveal more information, such as understanding how cancer cells change within the tumor and how many versions of the gene "settle" within each cell, and related technologies are expected to be used for cancer diagnosis.
"Planck" detects microwave background radiation: At present, the scientific community generally believes that the universe was born in a big explosion 13.7 billion years ago. The microwave background radiation is the "Ember" of the big bang, which is evenly distributed throughout the universe. The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, named after the German physicist Max Planck, carries a series of highly sensitive instruments that provide in-depth detection of cosmic microwave background radiation. In 2013, Planck will present the most accurate mapping of cosmic microwave background radiation to date, to detect current cosmological theories with greater precision, and may find evidence to supplement or correct the "big bang" theory.
Human Connected Group Program: The Human Connected Group Program is a $38.5 million project that began in 2010 to scan the brains of 1,200 healthy adults and compare the differences in neural connections between their brain regions and how It leads to individual differences in cognition and behavior, ultimately portraying all the neural connections in the human brain. The 2013 Human Connect Group program will be fully launched. Supporters and opponents are currently debating the extent to which human brain-connected maps can promote understanding of brain function, and by this time next year, the Human Connected Group program will provide much more data for these controversies.
Exploring the Antarctic Ice World: In February of this year, after years of efforts, Russian scientists finally drilled through the ice layer about 4,000 meters thick in the eastern part of the Antarctic and arrived at the mysterious lake under the ice, Dongfang Lake. Russia has thus become the first country in the world to reach out to lakes under glaciers. The team returned to East Lake again in December. They plan to bring back ice samples from the lake and hope to discover signs of life in the lake and how life can survive in extreme environments. The US and UK science teams are also planning to explore the East Lake.
Cancer Immunotherapy: The scientific community has recently developed drugs that can drive human immune cells to fight cancer and help a small number of cancer-affected patients overcome disease. The researchers predict that combining two targeted immunotherapies for different biological pathways will give cancer cells a stronger blow. In 2013, it is expected to see the results of a combination of two therapies for anticancer clinical trials.
Basic plant research: Basic plant research is expected to yield some results in 2013. For example, farmers can use drought-tolerant crops, and companies may start selling the first biofuels made from seaweed. In addition, researchers are also exploring factors that regulate plant growth, and it is expected to explore the interaction details of both molecular and genetic factors in the growth process. These studies will help reveal how plants adapt to climate change through natural variation.
Source: Xinhuanet
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