With the general improvement of living standards, people's demands for meat quality are pursuing flavor, game, and returning to nature. In the past, fast-grown large-scale broiler chickens raised in the market became poorly sold and replaced with chickens (commonly known as chickens). Favored. In the past few years, the city has used orchards, mountainous areas, free fields, and waste beaches to raise chickens. Due to its labor-saving, extensive management, and similar quality of local chickens, poultry products are popular with consumers. The situation has developed rapidly. The amount has reached 70-80% of the total number of chickens. The orchards, mountains, free fields, and waste beaches in the city are vast in area, rich in resources and suitable in climate. As long as we do a good job of scientific feeding and management, develop quality chickens, and increase the income of farmers, the prospects are very broad.
To develop quality chickens, we should focus on the following:
1, choose the right venue
Native chicken breeding should choose leeward sunny, flat terrain, Gaozao, easy access to water, away from the village, convenient transportation, a small crown, sparse areas of fruit trees is appropriate. Do not go along the river along the river to cover the chicken farm, the distance between the field and the field is not less than 200 meters. Take advantage of the natural barriers in the mountains to promote a hill and field.
2, site disinfection
In the new site, the brooding room uses 5-10% lime water or 1:600 ​​poisoning, 1:1200 disinfection, 2% caustic soda for site spray disinfection; the old site, ground cleaning and rinsing, based on the above methods, Potassium permanganate 14 g/m2 plus formaldehyde 28 ml/m2 Closed fumigation 1-2 days (after the drinking water, material drums and other utensils are all put into disinfection), open the air for 1-2 days.
3, temperature requirements
Temperature is the key to successful brooding. Before entering the chicks, the temperature should be adjusted within a half-day in advance. Generally, the temperature of the brooding house is controlled at 32-33°C in the 0-1 week of age, and then decreases by 1-2°C per week until the temperature can be defrosted after 4 weeks of age. There are two ways to observe whether the temperature is appropriate: one is to look at the thermometer, and the other is to look at the condition of the flock. When the chickens get together, close to the heat source, and continue to whisper, indicating that the temperature is low; When the chickens away from heat, distributed around the mouth, continue to breathe, indicating that the temperature is high; When the chickens are distributed evenly, active and quiet, indicating that the temperature is relatively suitable.
4, choose high quality chicken
The quality of chicks plays a decisive role in the success or failure of raising chickens. At present, small- and medium-sized, late-type chickens such as Jiangcunhuang, Sanhuangji, Guangxi Maji, Zhejiang Dahuang, Gushi chicken, Xianju chicken, and Fujian green chicken have low environmental requirements, wide adaptability, and strong disease resistance. The large amount of activity, excellent meat quality and other characteristics, more suitable for the wild farming in our city.
To choose a variety of pure, healthy chickens. In general, the chickens are lively, powerful and powerful, chicken heads are large, eyes are convex, powerful, clean, uniform, and consistent in color.
5, as soon as possible
The first time the chicks drink water is called boiling water. When the chicks arrive, they are sent to the brooding room as soon as possible (in winter, especially necessary) to allow them to drink freely. For long-distance transport or day-old chicks, add 0.9% glucose physiological saline and supplements in drinking water; add 0.01-0.02% potassium permanganate to drinking water at close range. Boiling water should be early, so that more than 80% of the chicks drink at the same time to the first saliva; for unresponsive, squatting should be artificial adjustment, or clapping hand stimulation to promote drinking water. All-weather water supply should be provided.
6, timely cutting
The first feeding of chicks is to open the material. The opening time should be postponed appropriately. The most suitable time should be 24-36 hours after the chicken hatches. It can also be determined according to the chick's health status and outside temperature conditions. Generally, 85% of chicks have good appetite. If the material is opened too early, it can easily lead to poor absorption of the yolk of the chick and become a dead chicken, resulting in the disadvantage of reduced brooding rate and poor uniformity. It is best to choose a compound feed with a small particle size and easy to digest. The feed should be sprinkled on nylon cloth or pellets to make the chicks easy to eat. It should be done as little as possible in order to stimulate the appetite and reduce feed wastage.
7, the appropriate breeding density
The breeding density of chickens may be slightly larger than that of fast chickens, which is generally controlled at 35 eggs per square meter during the first week of life. After that, the number of chickens is reduced by about 5 per week until they are deprived of temperature after four weeks of age.
8, do a good job of immunization
Domestic chickens have a long feeding period and their immunity should be different from that of indoor fast-growing chickens. The main requirements are:
8.1, choose a good vaccine. Due to the long feeding period of the chickens and the threat of the disease, it is important to check the expiration date, batch number, manufacturer, and date of production of the vaccine when purchasing the vaccines. Those who have found broken bottles, deliquescence, failures, or impurities are not allowed to use them. It should be good to buy at a designated shop in the agricultural department.
8.2. The vaccine should be used in sufficient quantities. All other aspects of chicken breeding can be saved. The vaccine alone cannot be deducted and should be used in sufficient quantities. The method is: if the previous drinking water immunity should be doubled (ie 1000 chickens, with 2000 vaccines), 1-1.5 times the amount of intravenous immunization; late 1.5-2 times the amount is appropriate.
8.3. Reasonable immunization procedures. 4-5 days old H120 vaccine, 8-10 days old II or L vaccine, 13-15 days old Bursa vaccine and bird flu vaccine, 25-26 days old Bursa vaccine, 28-30 days old I Department of vaccine and bird flu vaccine, 32-34 days old H52 vaccine. For a feeding period of more than 100 days, it is advisable to inject a Series I vaccine at 60-65 days of age.
8.4. Take the correct method of immunization. In the early period, because chickens are small in size and active, it is easy to be caught. It should be encouraged to administer each of the noses, eye drops or drops, and injections should be used later. This ensures that only the chicks are immunized in place and the immune effect is effective. Drink more and drink less, and even drink less than the drawbacks, resulting in immune dead ends.
9. Prevention and cure of major diseases during childbirth
9.1, white tinea disease. The disease mainly occurs within 7 days of age. It is characterized by white feces on the anus of chickens, and is controlled by drugs such as enrofloxacin, valeric acid, dipivoxil, and oxytetracycline.
9.2, mycosis. Occur in half months of age, to dyspnea, body dehydration, weight loss, necropsy can be seen in the lung balloon containing fungal nodules characterized. The control should stop moldy feeds, reduce the humidity in the house, change the bedding frequently, and treat with nystatin.
9.3. Coccidiosis. It is characterized by reduced appetite, increased drinking water, bloody stools on the site, and a small number of chickens with bloody stools around the anus. The necrotomy was examined by necropsy, and the small intestine was thickened with hemorrhagic scars. Bleeding spots were observed in the intestinal mucosa. Treatment with penicillin, sulfonamides, and coccidiosis reduces the humidity and stocking density in the house and yields good results.
10. Rear feeding management points
In the late stage, the feed can be gradually transferred from the batch materials to a single corn and rice, and the pellets can be used in good conditions. Normally after 10 o'clock in the morning and after 1 o'clock in the afternoon, cast 1 o'clock and add it once before going to bed. There is no water throughout the feeding period. Always observe and find that mental, appetite, and fecal abnormalities should be taken as soon as possible. Diseases and dead chickens should be eliminated in time to prevent rats, eagles, snakes, weasels and other pests.
10.1. Appropriate feeding time. The improper feeding period of chickens directly affects the meat flavor and breeding efficiency of chickens. The rearing period is too short, the meat is too tender, the flavor is poor, and the sales and prices are affected. The feeding period is too long, the feed remuneration is reduced, the risk is increased, and the labor, site and other resources are easily wasted, the feeding cost is increased, and the benefit is deteriorated. Generally weighing 1.2-1.5 kg, the time can be listed in more than 80 days, raising households can also make reasonable arrangements based on market conditions.
10.2 Moderate rearing scale. The benefit of keeping chickens is related to the appropriate size of the rearing. Under current conditions in our city, it is generally advisable to use 1,500 to 2,000 individuals for each batch of positive labor force. Avoid over-scale farming. Do not exceed 5,000 in good condition. Would rather put more, decentralized culture. This is conducive to feeding and management, prevention and treatment of diseases, reduce risks, increase efficiency, and steadily develop.
10.3. Reasonable rotation time. If a chicken farm is kept for too long, the site will be contaminated and germs will increase, threatening the health of the chickens and affecting the survival rate. Moreover, the grass roots, roots and bark of the farm will be exhausted, resulting in land consolidation and environmental pollution. Affect the growth of fruit trees; time is too short, investment is repeated, costs increase, causing waste, affecting efficiency. In general, one round can avoid the above drawbacks.
10.4. Correctly deal with the relationship between pest management and grazing. In general, orchards are rarely reared in orchards, but when pests need to be managed, the first to choose low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, spraying as little as possible to the ground, even if the chickens eat insects, the possibility of poisoning is also small; second choice of sunny pests, Drug drops into the ground less. It is best to stagger the time between pest control and grazing, and try to keep the chickens out of contact with the medicine, just in case.
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