Cultivation of wild chicory in greenhouse
Sonchus brach yotus DC is also known as bitter herbs. It is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It grows in long-term high-level fields or wild lands; it blooms in autumn, its head is inflorescence, and its corolla is yellow; the roots, stems, and leaves of plants Both contain white milk. According to records, the chicory has higher nutritional value and medicinal value. In addition to being used as medicinal materials, the tender stems and leaves of the plants can also be used as vegetables. The taste is bitter, the freshness of the food is refreshing, the flavor is unique, it can increase the food and customs, and it is favored by people.
With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, consumers’ demand for wild endive chives is also increasing. Therefore, artificial cultivation occurs in Liaoning. In particular, the successful cultivation in the solar greenhouse has greatly improved the yield and quality of S. aquilinia. We will now introduce its specific technical measures.
1. Site preparation In the greenhouse in early and mid-November, the soil is 15-20cm deep, made into a low north-south, low-lying 1.2m wide, and 0.1-0.2m wide, leaving a decoction within the ground. After the farmyard mix, stir well. The wingman requested that the height of the north be high at the south (drop 10cm) to facilitate light and watering. The soil moisture should not be spread by hand and the soil should not stick.
2. The seeds of the sowing seedlings are white or tan. When mature, the top has an umbrella-like white crested hair, and the thousand-grain weight is 0.6-0.8g. The longevity in storage under indoor natural conditions can be more than 5 years, and the service life is 1 to 4 years. The sowing date is November 1st to 20th, and the seeds are sun dried 1 week before sowing. When sowing, pick up a small amount of seeds, sprinkle them in the palm of your hand and gently blow them with your mouth to make them fall naturally and evenly. Face to face.
According to the author's many years of experiments confirmed that seed treatment with hormones can break the dormancy, the specific method is: 50mg/kg gibberellin aqueous solution soaked for 12 hours, remove and dry, sealed in a cool, dry place.
After sowing is completed, the first time the water should be used to spray, so that the water droplets showed a uniform drop under the rain, round and round pouring 2 to 3 times, the amount of water not too much, to avoid the seeds in the surface is not fixed and drift. After watering for 3 to 5 days, 10 to 15 kg of fine soil is sprayed on each sill, and then a small amount of water is sprayed. Before the seed emerges, avoid spraying with water. The temperature in the solar greenhouse should be maintained at 15 to 30°C. Pay attention to timely covering the paper and straw to prevent cold. It takes about 15 to 20 days from sowing to emergence.
3. Seedlings of post-emergence management. The seedlings of the capsicum seed are first emerged at the same time as the two cotyledons. After 7 to 10 days, the seedlings spit out the true leaves. When there are 2 to 3 true leaves, the plants with uneven growth in the indica are planted with a spacing of 6~ 8cm, not too dense. At this time, the temperature in the solar greenhouse should be reduced to 10 to 25°C, and the soil moisture should be appropriately reduced to prevent shooters from growing in length. Also pay attention to timely removal of field weeds.
4. Harvesting and management in the middle and later stages On January 20th, harvesting and marketing began. At this time, there were 6 to 7 true leaves in the plant. Harvesting method: Use a sharp knife to cut along the ground at the base of the plant, remove the stems and leaves, leaving the mother root, in order to produce new shoots. Under normal management conditions, the mother root can harvest 3 to 4 tons of commercial vegetables, and the total output is 200 to 260 kg of fresh vegetables per mu. Among them, the output of the second and third crops is the highest, accounting for about 70% of the total output. After harvesting the head leeks, topdressing shall be applied. Ammonium sulphate 1.5kg and diammonium phosphate 0.6g shall be applied per acre. The topdressing shall be carried out in the afternoon, first sprinkle dry, then spray water, and wash the leaves of the plant 2~ 3 times to prevent fertilizers from burning the leaves. After the head of leek to increase the temperature to maintain 25 ~ 26 °C, a large temperature difference to improve the quality of shoots.
When the plant roots are found to be robust and grow slowly, plant growth regulators at a concentration of 100-150 mg/kg may be suitably sprayed. In addition, application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace element compound fertilizers for foliar dressing can also significantly increase the yield and quality of commercial vegetables.
5. Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases are mainly leaf mold disease. When the disease occurs, there is white powder on the bottom of the bottom leaves, and the front surface is brownish yellow. The lesions gradually develop upwards, which seriously affects the quality and yield of the chicory. Therefore, the temperature should be cooled immediately after the disease is found. Dehydration and spraying 75% chlorothalonil + 50% thiophanate 800 ~ 1000 times solution, or with 50% times times 1000 times liquid agent for prevention and treatment, 7 ~ 8kg per mu solution. Pests are mainly mantle and can occur throughout the growing season. If the whole plant is found to be dead, the dead plant should be immediately pulled out and burned; if aphids are found at the root of the dead plant, 90% of trichlorfon can be used to irrigate the roots 1000 times, and the root can be controlled and treated twice in succession. .
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