(I) Technical Overview Silage and silage is a kind of palatable, high digestibility and nutrient-rich products made by anaerobic fermentation and chemical action of minced fresh materials under closed anaerobic conditions. Feed is an effective measure to guarantee a balanced supply of livestock feed all year round.
(II) Increasing Production and Increasing Efficiency With the development of animal husbandry, the contradiction between China's large population and few people and the struggle between human and livestock for grain production has become increasingly prominent. However, on the other hand, in large agricultural areas, farmers are affected by obsolete consciousness and the relative backwardness of feed processing and modulation technologies. A large number of agricultural and sideline products and straws are abandoned in the fields, resulting in a huge waste of feed resources. Crop straw processing and modulation Technology needs to be solved. The technology aims to solve the problem of agricultural and sideline products and straw processing and utilization in agricultural areas in China. By using this technology, agricultural and sideline products and straws can be processed into simple and palatable animal feeds. This technology has been promoted in large-scale demonstration in Ningxia in recent years, with obvious economic and social benefits. On the one hand, it solves the problem of lack of feed for ruminants and on the other hand it reduces environmental pollution. At the same time, farmers can increase part of their income.
(three) technical points
1. Harvest. The whole plant silage corn was harvested from the late milking stage to the early waxing stage, the semi-dry silage was harvested at the wax ripening stage, and the yellow corn stalks were harvested 15 days earlier than the ripening stage. The legumes were harvested at the early stage of flowering and the grasses were at the early stage of flowering. Heading stage harvesting.
2. Transportation. To follow the shipment, chop and store in time.
3. Chopped. Silage raw materials are usually crushed into 1 cm to 2 cm, and the requirements for silage materials are shorter than silage cutting.
4. Adjust the moisture content. The suitable moisture content for general silage preparation should be 60% to 70%. If the raw materials are too wet, the raw materials are dried in the sun and then processed, and no water is added in the period prior to the cellar. A small amount of water is added at 50 cm to 70 cm from the cellar. If the corn stalk is not too dry, start adding water gradually when the storage material is about half filled. If the corn stalk is very dry, it should be gradually added to the water at a depth of 50 cm. After adding water, it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste, increase the margin, and compact it.
5. Loading and compaction. Storage should be chopped at any time, ready for storage, side loading pits, side compaction. Each time it is loaded to 30 cm to 50 cm thick, it must be compacted once. When making yellow, in order to improve the quality of the yellow, you can add 0.5% ~ 1% cornmeal layer by layer, or add 450g lactic acid bacteria culture or 0.5g pure lactic acid bacteria agent per ton of storage, or you can press 0.5% Add urea in proportion, or add 3.6 kg of formaldehyde per ton of stock.
6. Sealed. After the stock is filled, it should be sealed and buried immediately. Generally, the raw materials should be packed to a height of about 30 cm above the cellar surface. After being tightly sealed with a plastic film, the soil should be covered with 30 cm to 50 cm. The cellar top should be made of a hoe or ridge type, and should not leak or leak.
7. Management. After the storage pits are well sealed, dig trenches to drain about 1m around to prevent rainwater from seeping. In rainy areas, scaffolding should be carried out above the silo. Attention should be paid to inspections at any time. If there is a crack in the pit, it should be timely compacted.
8. Open cellar. Silage corn, sorghum and other forage grass generally 30 days to 40 days to open the cellar access; legume grass generally open in 2 months to 3 months cellar access.
9. Take the material. After opening the cellar, the material should be excavated from one end and cut vertically from the top to the bottom. It is not possible to fully open or remove the material in the cavity to minimize the cross section of the material. How much to use for the day, cover it immediately. After taking the material, if the feeding is stopped halfway and the interval is long, the silo must be sealed and sealed according to the original method of sealing and sealing. It is airtight and watertight.
10. Feeding. Silage is a high-quality, juicy feed that is initially fed with less feed and gradually increased, and then fed with fodder to gradually adapt.
(4) Precautions The raw material moisture content should be appropriate and controlled at 60% to 70%. Must be compacted, sealed, especially the corners. Auxiliary materials should be sprayed evenly during production.
(E) Suitable areas The technology is suitable for all agricultural areas
(II) Increasing Production and Increasing Efficiency With the development of animal husbandry, the contradiction between China's large population and few people and the struggle between human and livestock for grain production has become increasingly prominent. However, on the other hand, in large agricultural areas, farmers are affected by obsolete consciousness and the relative backwardness of feed processing and modulation technologies. A large number of agricultural and sideline products and straws are abandoned in the fields, resulting in a huge waste of feed resources. Crop straw processing and modulation Technology needs to be solved. The technology aims to solve the problem of agricultural and sideline products and straw processing and utilization in agricultural areas in China. By using this technology, agricultural and sideline products and straws can be processed into simple and palatable animal feeds. This technology has been promoted in large-scale demonstration in Ningxia in recent years, with obvious economic and social benefits. On the one hand, it solves the problem of lack of feed for ruminants and on the other hand it reduces environmental pollution. At the same time, farmers can increase part of their income.
(three) technical points
1. Harvest. The whole plant silage corn was harvested from the late milking stage to the early waxing stage, the semi-dry silage was harvested at the wax ripening stage, and the yellow corn stalks were harvested 15 days earlier than the ripening stage. The legumes were harvested at the early stage of flowering and the grasses were at the early stage of flowering. Heading stage harvesting.
2. Transportation. To follow the shipment, chop and store in time.
3. Chopped. Silage raw materials are usually crushed into 1 cm to 2 cm, and the requirements for silage materials are shorter than silage cutting.
4. Adjust the moisture content. The suitable moisture content for general silage preparation should be 60% to 70%. If the raw materials are too wet, the raw materials are dried in the sun and then processed, and no water is added in the period prior to the cellar. A small amount of water is added at 50 cm to 70 cm from the cellar. If the corn stalk is not too dry, start adding water gradually when the storage material is about half filled. If the corn stalk is very dry, it should be gradually added to the water at a depth of 50 cm. After adding water, it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste, increase the margin, and compact it.
5. Loading and compaction. Storage should be chopped at any time, ready for storage, side loading pits, side compaction. Each time it is loaded to 30 cm to 50 cm thick, it must be compacted once. When making yellow, in order to improve the quality of the yellow, you can add 0.5% ~ 1% cornmeal layer by layer, or add 450g lactic acid bacteria culture or 0.5g pure lactic acid bacteria agent per ton of storage, or you can press 0.5% Add urea in proportion, or add 3.6 kg of formaldehyde per ton of stock.
6. Sealed. After the stock is filled, it should be sealed and buried immediately. Generally, the raw materials should be packed to a height of about 30 cm above the cellar surface. After being tightly sealed with a plastic film, the soil should be covered with 30 cm to 50 cm. The cellar top should be made of a hoe or ridge type, and should not leak or leak.
7. Management. After the storage pits are well sealed, dig trenches to drain about 1m around to prevent rainwater from seeping. In rainy areas, scaffolding should be carried out above the silo. Attention should be paid to inspections at any time. If there is a crack in the pit, it should be timely compacted.
8. Open cellar. Silage corn, sorghum and other forage grass generally 30 days to 40 days to open the cellar access; legume grass generally open in 2 months to 3 months cellar access.
9. Take the material. After opening the cellar, the material should be excavated from one end and cut vertically from the top to the bottom. It is not possible to fully open or remove the material in the cavity to minimize the cross section of the material. How much to use for the day, cover it immediately. After taking the material, if the feeding is stopped halfway and the interval is long, the silo must be sealed and sealed according to the original method of sealing and sealing. It is airtight and watertight.
10. Feeding. Silage is a high-quality, juicy feed that is initially fed with less feed and gradually increased, and then fed with fodder to gradually adapt.
(4) Precautions The raw material moisture content should be appropriate and controlled at 60% to 70%. Must be compacted, sealed, especially the corners. Auxiliary materials should be sprayed evenly during production.
(E) Suitable areas The technology is suitable for all agricultural areas
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