Classification of Feed Additives The classification of feed additives varies widely. Different scholars propose different classification methods. Based on years of grassroots practice, the author believes that feed additives are divided into the following three categories and are more easily accepted by grassroots workers. 1. Nutrient feed additives mainly include amino acid additives, vitamin additives, and mineral additives. The purpose of these additives is to supplement the nutritional content of the basal diet so that the diet can reach the nutritional balance or full price. 2. Drug feed additives include antibiotic additives, hormone additives, insect repellents, antibacterial promoting agents, biocides, and herbal additives. Domestic use of hormones, sedatives, etc. as feed additives is prohibited and beta-stimulants intended to increase the lean meat percentage of pigs are never allowed. The efficacy of such feed additives is mainly to enhance the body's immunity, promote growth, and increase economic efficiency. The EU has strict regulations on the use of antibiotics. China also prohibits abuses and must strictly follow the “Regulations on the Administration of Feed and Feed Additivesâ€. 3, to improve the quality of feed additives are antioxidants, fat suppressors, anti-mold agents, flavoring agents. Feeding pigs with full-priced feeds aims to increase their feed conversion rates, which is the wish and demand of the majority of breeders. Under the condition that energy and protein are basically met, using the right amount of additives such as amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, etc., can improve the full price of the compound feed, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing feed consumption and increasing the production level and economic efficiency. Premixing Precautions The use of premixes can increase the nutritive value of compound feeds, but premixes are, after all, an intermediate product for the production of compound feeds. The variety and requirements of feeds vary greatly, and premix production is considered. At the same time, it is also very difficult to completely integrate with various types of full-price feed production. To use a live premix, note the following: 1. Select the correct model. The premix is ​​scientifically designed according to the nutritional needs of different pig breeds and their different growth stages. Therefore, the user should select different stages of premix according to the actual situation of the pig. Some users in order to covet the moment cheap, with pig material instead of pig material, I do not know "poor piglet difference 1 kg, big pig poor 10 kg" piglet phase of undernutrition, affecting the pig's late development, this approach is Not worth the candle. 2, strictly recommended dose of feed. Many farmers often use the premix to change the recommended formula, and some users randomly reduce the proportion of premixes in the mix to reduce costs, resulting in various nutritional indicators can not meet the growth needs of pigs at various times, and some users are Any increase in the proportion of premixes will not only increase costs but also cause poisoning. What's more, when the premix is ​​"monosodium glutamate," small packages are added to the full-price feed, which destroys the "full price" of the feed. Avoid misunderstandings How to evaluate the advantages of premixes for pigs, focus on actual results, and pay attention to several misunderstandings. 1. Is the darker the better? Many farmers believe that if the feed is good or not, it depends on whether the feces are dark or not. There is a certain truth, but it is not entirely correct. It should be said that the ratio of feed is reasonable, and pigs have good digestion and absorption, as well as feces. The correct mode of identification is to “look and see†and “smell and smellâ€, not only to see the color, but also to look at the degree of moisture. The hard or dilute watery stools are all abnormal, especially the presence of undigested corn and cakes.粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕 粕. In addition, if the large formula contains a little more bran, vegetable vines, etc., the feces will be black. High copper can make feces dark, but this is by no means the purpose of using high copper. At present, domestic and international studies have consistently agreed that copper has a growth-promoting effect in the piglet stage (before body weight of 30 kg), and the effect varies with the environment. At the same time, there must be enough protein, amino acids and certain levels of iron and zinc in the diet, and in combination with the corresponding antibacterial agents, high copper growth promoting effects can be achieved. High-copper can only produce fecal black (ie, copper content 125 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg) only when it is several tens of times higher than the requirement, but if it exceeds 250 mg/kg, the liver will accumulate a large amount of copper and cause pigs. Poisoning, resulting in decreased hemoglobin and excessive jaundice, copper also affects the activity of the hormone secretion system, its activity is reduced to a critical state, while a large amount of copper is excreted, is also a serious pollution, therefore, can not add too much copper, can not It is considered that the excrement is black and the feed is good for digestion and absorption. 2. Is the pig skin red? Bright hair, rosy skin, is a healthy pig performance. If the lack of multi-dimensional, hair will be thick, disordered, rough skin. Of course, other factors are not excluded. If there are parasites or skin diseases, the fur will be very difficult to see, and diarrhea or some infectious diseases will also lead to such diseases. Skin red is divided into normal ruddy and drug red. Artificially add aphanelic acid in the feed, and some unscrupulous manufacturers even directly add red arsenic or white phosphorus to make the pig's skin ruddy. The main purpose of adding asparagic acid is not to redden skin, but to use its antibacterial effect to promote growth. When the amount is low, it has the functions of sterilization, antibacterial, treatment of dysentery and promotion of growth. Arsenic poisoning may occur if blindly increasing the dose to achieve skin redness. Symptoms of poisoning: Excessive use reduces the growth rate and causes head tremor, intermittent blindness, ataxia, and palsy. During the event, the pig's shoulders, back chin, and back muscles trembled with violent tremors, ataxia, anxiety, and screaming. The convulsions continued to lie on the ground after a minute and stop shaking. 3. Can a pig eat or sleep? Many farmers believe that it is good feed for pigs to eat and sleep. As a result, unscrupulous manufacturers added sedatives and other drugs that are prohibited by the state to premixes. In fact, the so-called eatable, that is, palatability problems (love sweets is the nature of the pig), but not the more you eat better. In general, low-energy, low-protein feed intake is high, and high-energy, high-protein feed intake is low, and pigs can fully control their own nutritional needs. For example, if there is no nutritional value, or even a negative value, the amount of feed intake will increase. Therefore, in addition to observing the environment and health of pigs, we must pay attention to the quality of feed (such as moldy feed, over-producing soybean meal, unqualified calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.), and the proportion of miscellaneous cakes that affect palatability. As long as the pig's nutrition is reasonable, it should be very quiet. If the breeding density is too high, the premix ratio is unscientific, or the pig's nutritional intake is insufficient or unbalanced or suffers from skin diseases, the pig will be excited and uneasy. It is not advisable to add stability and libai equal hypnotic drugs to make pigs sleepy. 4, tablets can be seen, is it genuine? Many farmers believe that the blue particles in the premix can be good products. In fact, the so-called grains are often untreated copper sulfate, which has poor solubility and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. It is more likely to cause adverse effects or even poisoning of pigs. Some manufacturers are pursuing high profits in a one-sided manner. The raw materials such as copper sulfate used are mostly large-grained crystals, and they have not been dried or crushed. The crystals have a particle size of 1.5 mm, and even a large one reaches 3 mm to 4 mm. Millimeters, natural "blue particles" are visible to the naked eye. Some unscrupulous traders even used industrial-grade copper sulfate for premix production. This not only affects the quality of feed, but also easily causes adverse reactions, which can lead to serious poisoning. Flexible use of the recommended formulation The correct formulation of the production formula can be formulated according to the product description, but in view of the variety of pigs, feed types, different feed types, differences in the nutritional value of the producing areas, and changes in the climate, the appropriate adjustments are also allowed: (1) For soil pigs and binary crossbred pigs, the ratio of corn and soybean meal can be appropriately reduced, and a part of corn can be replaced with secondary meal, rice bran, etc., and part of soybean meal can be replaced by rapeseed meal and cotton seedlings. (2) Adjust according to the season. In winter, the proportion of corn and other energy feeds should be increased, and the proportion of protein feed such as soybean meal can be properly reduced, but the crude protein should not fall by more than 15 percentage points; in summer, the proportion of corn and other energy feeds should be reduced and soybean meal, vegetable soup, etc. should be reduced due to the decrease of feed intake. Proportion of protein feed, and appropriate increase in calcium content. (3) If fish powder or casing powder is used, the amount of salt can be reduced. When the pigs fight, the salt can be added or even increased to 0.5% or more. (4) The correct choice of raw materials. Some users always purchase low-cost raw materials in order to reduce costs. They do not know that low prices are low in quality. Like fishmeal, the true fishmeal has good nutritional value, but once adulterated, it is not as good as it is. (5) Premixes should not be used directly. When the premix is ​​used, it cannot be added directly. Double-dilution method should be used, and it must be evenly mixed. (6) The replacement of premixes should be gradual. Suddenly changing the premix, pigs may not adapt, affecting feed intake and growth. When using the premix, the amount of new material should be gradually increased to reduce the amount of old material, and the new premix can be completely used after about 7 days. (7) Pay attention to the safe storage of feed. The storage place of premixes should be well ventilated, clean and dry, and be free from sun and rain. It should be used within the effective period as far as possible to prevent the failure of nutrients. (8) Pay attention to the particle size of the raw material. If the particle size is too large, it will affect digestion and absorption. When the particle size is too small, it will not only increase the production cost, but more importantly, it will easily cause respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal tract morphology. For pigs, particle sizes of 500 microns to 600 microns are preferred. Excerpt from: Rural Volkswagen