Strengthen air filter maintenance
It is common for many drivers, especially new drivers, to neglect the maintenance of air cleaners. The air filter is not maintained for a long time, the filter element is blocked by dust, and the air charge of the cylinder is reduced, so that the ratio of air and fuel is out of balance, and the fuel in the combustion chamber of the spray cylinder is not fully burned to emit black smoke. Practice has proved that as long as the air filter maintenance, cleaning or replacement of the filter element on time, according to the number, the exhaust smoke is significantly reduced, the engine power is significantly increased, both to save and reduce environmental pollution.
Optimize valve clearance adjustment
The wear of the moving parts of the valve train causes the valve clearance to change, which affects the opening and closing time of the valve, that is, the phase of the valve is changed. Because the valve lifter and the valve are often in motion, the wear gap increases, the valve opening clearance becomes smaller, resulting in insufficient intake air, exhaust gas is not net, resulting in exhaust smoke. For this purpose, inspection should be carried out according to the maintenance cycle, and if necessary, the valve should be optimized and adjusted to obtain the standard valve clearance. In order to compensate for the change in the phase of the valve due to wear, the valve clearance can be adjusted appropriately. If the valve clearance has been adjusted to the limit and the valve phase has not been fully compensated, the valve camshaft should be replaced.
Optimize adjustment of fuel supply advance angle
With the wear of the parts, the fuel supply advance angle also gradually becomes smaller, and most of the fuel is injected into the cylinder after TDC, so that the late combustion increases and the exhaust smoke increases. Therefore, the delay of fuel supply is also a major cause of exhaust fumes and smoke increase. The timing of fuel supply advancement shall be checked regularly and, if necessary, the angle of fuel supply may be optimized and adjusted according to the actual situation. (The methods for inspection and adjustment include: observation method, fuel injection method, measurement method, and formula method, which will not be repeated here).
Guarantee the tightness of the three precision parts
With the wear of the three precision parts, the exhaust smoke of the engine gradually increases, especially the wear of the injection needle valve and the outlet valve pair, so that the sealing performance is reduced, the shape of the oil bundle is changed, and the atomization quality is poor. As well as drip and post-injection after fuel injection, the combustion quality deteriorated and the post-combustion increased, both causing exhaust fumes and serious damage to cylinder liners, pistons and crankshafts, and linkage mechanisms. Therefore, to ensure the tightness of the three precision parts is to maintain the shape of the oil beam and eliminate the key to the generation of drip and secondary injection, so that the exhaust smoke of the engine is greatly reduced.
Appropriately increase engine idle speed
If the idle speed of the diesel engine is too low, if the fuel supply is suddenly increased, the instantaneous air-to-fuel ratio imbalance will occur, and the exhaust gas will inevitably cause smoke. This is a result of incomplete combustion. For this reason, appropriately increasing (increasing) the number of idling revolutions, and relatively shortening the time from idling to high speed, is an important part of reducing exhaust fumes during acceleration.
Turbocharged
Turbocharging is to match the diesel engine to a suitable exhaust gas turbocharger. It is mostly used on large tractors and high-power diesel engines. The outstanding advantages of turbocharged diesel engines are: first, they are more complete than non-supercharged fuels; second, the exhaust emissions and hydrocarbon emissions of diesel engines are reduced by about 40%; and third, the emissions of nitrogen oxides are also reduced. About 20%; fourth, the exhaust noise is significantly reduced.
Timely repair and replacement of worn parts
The wear of cylinders and pistons, valves and valve seats, valve tappets and valve guides are the main components. The wear of the above parts, on the one hand, causes air leakage in the compression process, and the ratio of air and fuel is out of balance; on the other hand, with the increase of the clearance, the oil in the bottom oil of the oil pump enters the combustion chamber to participate in combustion, ie, the coke of the compression system is increased. , And make the exhaust heavily black smoke. Therefore, timely repair or replacement of worn parts is a key way to solve exhaust smoke.
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