The polyculture of shrimp and crabs can make full use of the pond water and feed, and it can obtain double harvests of shrimps and crabs without substantially increasing the labor intensity, which greatly improves the overall economic benefits of pond culture.
First, pond preparation
1. The pond is selected to be a pond with polyculture of shrimps and crabs, with an area of ​​5 mu - 10 mu, a water depth of 1.0m - 1.5m, a pond slope of about 1:3, no leakage, easy irrigation and drainage, sufficient water supply, and fresh water quality. The water body is rich in dissolved oxygen, without industrial or domestic sewage pollution.
2. Clear pond disinfection requires that the pond be cleared of excessive silt, exposed to sunlight in winter and stocked with lime of 75kg/mu -100kg/mu of bleaching powder or 20ppm of bleached water for the first half to one month after stocking. Kill wild fish and improve pond sediment.
3. Anti-escape facilities The anti-escape facilities are well-preserved around the pond. Generally, 0.5m high aluminium moorings, plastic film or plastic plates are used to surround the pond, and 0.2m is inserted into the soil. There are more than 1.0m slopes in the anti-escape facilities to facilitate feeding and management, and there are sufficient areas for river crab activities. During the whole breeding process, the inlet is filtered with 60 mesh-80 mesh nylon mesh bags to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pond, and the outlet is installed with a dense mesh to prevent the shrimps from fleeing.
4. Transplanting aquatic plants At the beginning of the year, aquatic plants such as peanuts, water spinach and water lettuce were planted or transplanted around the shallow water zone 1.0m away from the edge of the pond. The grass band width was about 1.0m. The aquatic grass area controlled the total pond growth when it grew vigorously. About 25% of the area, excess water plants should be manually removed. Before the watergrass is moved to the pond, it must be disinfected with 10ppm bleach.
The following benefits are provided for the cultivation of aquatic plants in the penaeins and crab polyculture ponds: (1) Make full use of water bodies, increase the habitats of shrimps and river crabs, provide cover for shrimps and crabs, cover shells, and prevent or reduce the killing of predator organisms; (2) The young leaves, roots, and rot of aquatic weeds can feed shrimps and crabs to promote their growth; (3) they are conducive to the reproduction of natural food organisms; (4) they have a cooling effect in hot seasons and reduce the environmental impact of shrimps and crabs. (5) Perform photosynthesis to increase dissolved oxygen in water; (6) Absorb excessive nutrients in ponds to purify water quality; (7) Make shells of shrimps and crabs greenish and prevent or reduce “rust shrimp†Produce and improve the quality of shrimps and crabs; (8) Wave protection and slope protection to avoid pool collapse.
Second, the stocking stocking of a yearling crabs 600 / acre - 800 / acre, or crab crab 1000 / acre -1200 / acre, stocking 40,000 shrimp shrimp. The stocked crabs and shrimps require pure varieties, neat specifications, complete appendages, and no disease. One-year-old crabs should be stocked to avoid the cold winter period, and the crabs should be stored as early as possible in order to improve the crabs out of the pool specifications.
In addition, the pond is stocked with a first-year-old flower and white pheasant of 80 tails/acre. In addition to stocking filter-feeding fish, not only can the pond food organisms be fully utilized, but also the water quality can be significantly improved, the outbreak of blue-green algae and green algae can be reduced in the hot season, and the number of young shrimps in autumn can also be reduced, the stocking density can be controlled, and the market specifications can be increased to increase production. The purpose of the effect.
Third, feed and feeding The pre-feeding of pelleted feed and animal feed such as snails, clams, cockroaches, small junk fish, etc., combined feeding, supplemented with a small amount of water, not only meet the nutritional needs of shrimp, crab, but also Avoid or reduce mutual disability and reduce production costs. During the medium-term high temperature period, increase the amount of feed for plant feeds. In the later period, increase the amount of feed for animal feeds to ensure growth and fattening of crabs. The particle feed has a particle size of 1.5 mm to 2.2 mm and a crude protein content of 35% to 40%; the animal feed is to be crushed. It was fed twice a day, in which the amount of feed in the morning accounted for 1/3 of the daily feed, and the amount of feed in the afternoon accounted for 2/3 of the daily feed. The daily feed rate of pelleted feed is controlled at 3%--5% of the body weight of shrimps and crabs, and that of fresh and live fish is 10%-15% of the body weight of shrimps and crabs. The feed should be evenly distributed to the aquatic weeds about 1.0m from the edge of the pond. The amount of daily feeding should be controlled flexibly according to the amount of ponds and crabs, the growth conditions, water temperature, weather, etc., so as to avoid waste of feed and corruption. Water quality, but also to ensure that shrimp, crabs eat, to meet their growth needs, and do not feed feed spoilage. In order to facilitate the inspection of the feeding situation, several feed tables can be set around the pond for observation, generally taking 1 hour to 2 hours for basic eating.
IV. Water Quality Control Throughout the breeding process, pond water quality has always been maintained at an appropriate level, with a transparency of 0.25-0.3 m. Generally, the water level is kept at 0.6m--0.8m in the initial stage of raising seedlings to facilitate warming; in the middle and late stages (especially in late autumn and winter), the water level is increased to 1.0m--1.5m to facilitate the wintering of the insulation. Do timely injection and drainage work, and adjust the water level flexibly according to the season and temperature to maintain a suitable growth temperature for shrimps and crabs. Normally, new water is added every two weeks to one month, and in the high temperature season of July-September, the water is changed every five days to seven days. Before the new water is injected, the old water in the lower layer shall be discharged. The amount of water injected shall be 0.2m--0.3m. Every 10 days - 15 days Quanchipite lime 1 time, each 5kg / acre - 10kg / acre, in order to increase calcium, improve water quality, meet the growth needs of shrimp, crab.
In view of the importance of water quality regulation in aquaculture, it is recommended that photosynthetic bacteria be applied to mixed ponds of shrimps and crabs. Practice has shown that shrimps and crabs cultured in ponds using photosynthetic bacteria are not susceptible to diseases, and the average yield can be increased by about 10%. The produced shrimps and crabs are large in size and color, and the use of water changing and aerators are significantly reduced.
Fifth, daily management insists on daily morning and evening patrol ponds, sultry weather to increase the night patrol ponds, carefully observe the activities of shrimp, crabs, feeding, shell, disease and escape prevention facilities. Thunderstorms in summer and autumn, and fresh shrimps and flowering white locusts are prone to floating heads, and special attention should be paid to them. At the same time, it is also easy to sum up experiences and lessons in making records and discovering problems and taking corresponding measures in a timely manner.
Sixth, disease prevention and treatment of shrimp, crab disease prevention and control from the seed quality, water quality control to start, so that "mainly prevention, prevention and more emphasis on governance." The pond maintains good water quality. Regularly throwing quicklime and feeding high-quality, fresh feed can generally prevent disease. For ciliate and bacterial disease ponds, 0.2ppm zinc sulfate can be used for Quanchiposa. Bacterial disease with 0.5ppm bleach can also be substantially cured.
VII. The crabs can be caught and listed in October. Before and after the Spring Festival, two methods can be used: catch by the pond side and catch it from the dry pond. Green prawn is on the market from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival. It uses copying and netting, and finally catches in dry ponds. Small-scale prawn can continue to be farmed until the following year based on market conditions.
Huang Jiaqing Zhejiang Fishery Technology Extension Station 31005
First, pond preparation
1. The pond is selected to be a pond with polyculture of shrimps and crabs, with an area of ​​5 mu - 10 mu, a water depth of 1.0m - 1.5m, a pond slope of about 1:3, no leakage, easy irrigation and drainage, sufficient water supply, and fresh water quality. The water body is rich in dissolved oxygen, without industrial or domestic sewage pollution.
2. Clear pond disinfection requires that the pond be cleared of excessive silt, exposed to sunlight in winter and stocked with lime of 75kg/mu -100kg/mu of bleaching powder or 20ppm of bleached water for the first half to one month after stocking. Kill wild fish and improve pond sediment.
3. Anti-escape facilities The anti-escape facilities are well-preserved around the pond. Generally, 0.5m high aluminium moorings, plastic film or plastic plates are used to surround the pond, and 0.2m is inserted into the soil. There are more than 1.0m slopes in the anti-escape facilities to facilitate feeding and management, and there are sufficient areas for river crab activities. During the whole breeding process, the inlet is filtered with 60 mesh-80 mesh nylon mesh bags to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pond, and the outlet is installed with a dense mesh to prevent the shrimps from fleeing.
4. Transplanting aquatic plants At the beginning of the year, aquatic plants such as peanuts, water spinach and water lettuce were planted or transplanted around the shallow water zone 1.0m away from the edge of the pond. The grass band width was about 1.0m. The aquatic grass area controlled the total pond growth when it grew vigorously. About 25% of the area, excess water plants should be manually removed. Before the watergrass is moved to the pond, it must be disinfected with 10ppm bleach.
The following benefits are provided for the cultivation of aquatic plants in the penaeins and crab polyculture ponds: (1) Make full use of water bodies, increase the habitats of shrimps and river crabs, provide cover for shrimps and crabs, cover shells, and prevent or reduce the killing of predator organisms; (2) The young leaves, roots, and rot of aquatic weeds can feed shrimps and crabs to promote their growth; (3) they are conducive to the reproduction of natural food organisms; (4) they have a cooling effect in hot seasons and reduce the environmental impact of shrimps and crabs. (5) Perform photosynthesis to increase dissolved oxygen in water; (6) Absorb excessive nutrients in ponds to purify water quality; (7) Make shells of shrimps and crabs greenish and prevent or reduce “rust shrimp†Produce and improve the quality of shrimps and crabs; (8) Wave protection and slope protection to avoid pool collapse.
Second, the stocking stocking of a yearling crabs 600 / acre - 800 / acre, or crab crab 1000 / acre -1200 / acre, stocking 40,000 shrimp shrimp. The stocked crabs and shrimps require pure varieties, neat specifications, complete appendages, and no disease. One-year-old crabs should be stocked to avoid the cold winter period, and the crabs should be stored as early as possible in order to improve the crabs out of the pool specifications.
In addition, the pond is stocked with a first-year-old flower and white pheasant of 80 tails/acre. In addition to stocking filter-feeding fish, not only can the pond food organisms be fully utilized, but also the water quality can be significantly improved, the outbreak of blue-green algae and green algae can be reduced in the hot season, and the number of young shrimps in autumn can also be reduced, the stocking density can be controlled, and the market specifications can be increased to increase production. The purpose of the effect.
Third, feed and feeding The pre-feeding of pelleted feed and animal feed such as snails, clams, cockroaches, small junk fish, etc., combined feeding, supplemented with a small amount of water, not only meet the nutritional needs of shrimp, crab, but also Avoid or reduce mutual disability and reduce production costs. During the medium-term high temperature period, increase the amount of feed for plant feeds. In the later period, increase the amount of feed for animal feeds to ensure growth and fattening of crabs. The particle feed has a particle size of 1.5 mm to 2.2 mm and a crude protein content of 35% to 40%; the animal feed is to be crushed. It was fed twice a day, in which the amount of feed in the morning accounted for 1/3 of the daily feed, and the amount of feed in the afternoon accounted for 2/3 of the daily feed. The daily feed rate of pelleted feed is controlled at 3%--5% of the body weight of shrimps and crabs, and that of fresh and live fish is 10%-15% of the body weight of shrimps and crabs. The feed should be evenly distributed to the aquatic weeds about 1.0m from the edge of the pond. The amount of daily feeding should be controlled flexibly according to the amount of ponds and crabs, the growth conditions, water temperature, weather, etc., so as to avoid waste of feed and corruption. Water quality, but also to ensure that shrimp, crabs eat, to meet their growth needs, and do not feed feed spoilage. In order to facilitate the inspection of the feeding situation, several feed tables can be set around the pond for observation, generally taking 1 hour to 2 hours for basic eating.
IV. Water Quality Control Throughout the breeding process, pond water quality has always been maintained at an appropriate level, with a transparency of 0.25-0.3 m. Generally, the water level is kept at 0.6m--0.8m in the initial stage of raising seedlings to facilitate warming; in the middle and late stages (especially in late autumn and winter), the water level is increased to 1.0m--1.5m to facilitate the wintering of the insulation. Do timely injection and drainage work, and adjust the water level flexibly according to the season and temperature to maintain a suitable growth temperature for shrimps and crabs. Normally, new water is added every two weeks to one month, and in the high temperature season of July-September, the water is changed every five days to seven days. Before the new water is injected, the old water in the lower layer shall be discharged. The amount of water injected shall be 0.2m--0.3m. Every 10 days - 15 days Quanchipite lime 1 time, each 5kg / acre - 10kg / acre, in order to increase calcium, improve water quality, meet the growth needs of shrimp, crab.
In view of the importance of water quality regulation in aquaculture, it is recommended that photosynthetic bacteria be applied to mixed ponds of shrimps and crabs. Practice has shown that shrimps and crabs cultured in ponds using photosynthetic bacteria are not susceptible to diseases, and the average yield can be increased by about 10%. The produced shrimps and crabs are large in size and color, and the use of water changing and aerators are significantly reduced.
Fifth, daily management insists on daily morning and evening patrol ponds, sultry weather to increase the night patrol ponds, carefully observe the activities of shrimp, crabs, feeding, shell, disease and escape prevention facilities. Thunderstorms in summer and autumn, and fresh shrimps and flowering white locusts are prone to floating heads, and special attention should be paid to them. At the same time, it is also easy to sum up experiences and lessons in making records and discovering problems and taking corresponding measures in a timely manner.
Sixth, disease prevention and treatment of shrimp, crab disease prevention and control from the seed quality, water quality control to start, so that "mainly prevention, prevention and more emphasis on governance." The pond maintains good water quality. Regularly throwing quicklime and feeding high-quality, fresh feed can generally prevent disease. For ciliate and bacterial disease ponds, 0.2ppm zinc sulfate can be used for Quanchiposa. Bacterial disease with 0.5ppm bleach can also be substantially cured.
VII. The crabs can be caught and listed in October. Before and after the Spring Festival, two methods can be used: catch by the pond side and catch it from the dry pond. Green prawn is on the market from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival. It uses copying and netting, and finally catches in dry ponds. Small-scale prawn can continue to be farmed until the following year based on market conditions.
Huang Jiaqing Zhejiang Fishery Technology Extension Station 31005
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