Every year when Apple goes on the market, it will see a number of poorly coloured apples. It is almost colorless and seriously affects the external quality of apples, which in turn affects sales and reduces the economic efficiency of farmers. The author has been engaged in apple production for many years and will now cause the poor coloring of apples and the solution measures to be introduced as follows for reference.
I. Poor seeding varieties Introduced early varieties such as Changfu No. 2 are aging and poorly pigmented; Late breeding varieties such as Yanfu series, 2001, Red generals, Yanjing No. 1 and Yanjing No. 2 etc. it is good. It is suggested to combine the transformation of dense plantation closed gardens and transform the varieties into new varieties.
II. Poor lighting Many of the orchards are densely planted and closed, and the scenery and conditions are deteriorating. The fruit does not color because it does not see light or see light. This is one of the main reasons for the poor coloring of apples. The poor coloring of the fruit in the inner and lower skirts are all reasons for this. For this kind of situation, it is necessary to carry out the transformation of closed plantation. The specific method is: first determine the permanent and temporary or permanent and temporary strains, and then gradually retract the cross-closed parts of temporary or temporary strains until they are completely removed, for permanent or permanent strains. For an orchard that is not good in variety, it is possible to adopt an interlaced or septum replacement method. The transformed line or strain is determined as a permanent or permanent strain, and the rest is treated as a temporary or temporary strain. When the interline or inter-branch transpiration is closed, the temporary or temporary strains that have not been reconstructed are retracted year after year until they are completely removed. For trees with closed trees, it is necessary to combine sparse and dense branches to optimize the structure of the tree and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions.
Third, uneven nutrient supply This is another cause of poor apple coloring. The requirement of fertilizer for apple trees is that the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1. The nutrient status of most orchard soils is high nitrogen, high phosphorus, and low potassium. Potassium deficiency and potassium deficiency can lead to poor coloring of apples, and magnesium deficiency can cause chlorosis in apples. Some fruit growers do not understand this well. Fertilization has blindness. It has not been done in accordance with the technical requirements of balanced fertilization for soil testing formulas. It has long been a light organic manure with light mineral fertilizers, no potassium or less potassium fertilizer with diazo light phosphorus, and minor traces of abuse. Fertilizer, resulting in various nutrients needed for fruit growth and development can not be a balanced supply, thus affecting the yield and quality of fruit.
For this situation, it is necessary to change the concept of fertilization, pay attention to the use of organic fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, appropriately reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, pay attention to the reasonable coordination of NPK and various trace elements, and pay special attention to Increase the use of potash fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer to meet the balanced supply of nutrients needed for growth and development of fruit trees, so as to achieve high yield and quality.
Fourth, insufficient moisture Adequate water supply is an important ecological factor to promote the coloring of apples. During the apple coloring period, in case of drought-free and rainy weather, timely irrigation should be conducted to increase the humidity in the orchard and promote fruit coloring. At the same time, good orchard humidity can also adjust the temperature difference between day and night in the orchard, thus promoting coloration. During the coloring period, if there is open-air coloring, it will be faster and better. If there is no dew or less open-air coloring, the coloring will be slower and worse.
V. Excessive load Excessive load not only easily leads to size, but also the quality of fruit. Due to the crowded fruits, the light is blocked and the coloring is not complete. The correct approach is to use a reasonable load, and the easier way to master it is to keep fruit in a distance, that is, to leave 2 apples at a distance of 20-25 cm for large fruit, and 1 apple for a small fruit at a distance of 15-20 cm. The average yield per mu is controlled at 3000-4000 kg.
Sixth, summer and autumn pruning is not timely Summer and autumn pruning task is to cut those upright long branches, leggy branches, too dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, etc., to improve the scenery conditions, promote photosynthesis, balanced tree nutrients, reduce nutrients Consumption. If you do not cut or cut too late, the above effect cannot be achieved, thereby affecting the coloring. This work should be completed at the latest before the bag is removed to promote coloring.
Seven, picking leaves, turning fruit, laying reflective film and other coloring measures are not used well enough to take off the bag, should promptly remove the leaves and light-shielded leaves, so that the fruit see the light. When the positive surface color of the fruit is good, the fruit is transferred and the fruit is well covered so that the fruit surface is evenly and completely colored. The laying of the reflective film can make the fruit on the medial malleolus and the lower skirt of the closed closed garden pieces complete, especially the part that promotes the coloration of the palate.
VIII. Poor bagging quality. Poorly grasping the time of bagging and unpacking. Poor quality paper bags are poorly shaded, intolerant to rain erosion, and easily broken. They do not inhibit chlorophyll formation and promote the synthesis of anthocyanins. It is not conducive to apple coloring after bag removal. High-quality double-layer paper bags with good shading and rain-resistance should be used, such as Japanese Kobayashi bags or outer bags, yellow inner black bags, and red double-sided paper bags. When the bagging is too late, it is not conducive to coloring when the bag is taken out too early or too late.
Bagging time should be controlled after the young fruit 30 days of age, that is, the beginning of June bagging. Debagging: Early maturing varieties such as Gala should be carried out about one week before harvest, that is, August 10-15; Fuji and other late-maturing varieties should be carried out 7-10 days before harvest, that is, at the end of September and early October. Pigmented varieties should be removed as early as possible, and poorly-colored varieties should be taken off as appropriate.
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