Cotton and radish intercropping is a new model for efficient cultivation of cotton fields. Cotton is the main economic crop in Hebei Province, and is planted between 8 million and 10 million mu each year. The planting system is one year in a season. Single cropping cotton has a low utilization rate of land, heat, space, and light during the first 60 days or so, resulting in a waste of natural resources. Radish is an important vegetable crop with good economic returns. The use of spring radish and cotton intercropping, which have a relatively short growing period, combines the two organically and can make full use of precious natural resources. At the same time, since the harvest of radish is the off-season supply of spring and summer vegetables, the market price is promising. The general yield of fresh radish is about 5,000 kilograms, the high-yield plot can reach 6,000 kilograms, the output value is about 2,500 yuan; the average output is more than 200 kilograms per mu, the output value is 1,600 yuan, and the annual total output value of the two crops is more than 4,000 yuan, after subtracting the cost, pure The benefit is around 3,000 yuan, which greatly improves the benefits of cotton fields.
One, planting mode
At present, there are two planting modes: "1-2" and "2-2". The yield of “1-2 formula†radish was higher, and the yield of “2-2†radish was relatively low, but the cotton yield was high.
"1-2 style": 1 row of cotton, 2 rows of radish. Riddles were planted and one row of cotton was planted in the center of the ridge, and two rows of radish were sown on both sides of the ridge. The density of cotton was 3500-3800, and the density of radish was 4,800, and the distance was 1.1 meters.
"2-2": 2 rows of cotton and 2 rows of radish. In ridging, two rows of cotton were planted on the inner side of large ridges, spaced 50-60 centimeters apart, and two rows of radishes were planted on the outside of the ridge. The density of cotton was 3,500, the density of radish was 3,500, and the ridge distance was 1.5 meters.
Second, the main cultivation techniques
1. Variety selection. Radish selection of short-season spring radish varieties with a growth period of about 60 days minimizes the symbiosis between cotton and radish, minimizes cotton yield loss, and requires selection of varieties with strong disease resistance or good palatability. Market sales are promising. Cotton is the preferred hybrid cotton variety, or the conventional high-yield, disease-resistant cotton variety with large plant shape.
2. Sow. The radish sowing time is April 10-20, drill hole sowing, broadcast 2-3 cm deep. That is, radish can be sowed in advance cotton, but also can be sown at the same period, but the best in advance about 10 days, the highest cotton production. The radish sowing is too early, the stems and leaves that grow first will obscure the cotton line, cause the lack of illumination and the ground temperature to be low, affect the emergence of cotton; The sowing is too late, the symbiotic period is prolonged, affect cotton output.
3. Soil preparation. The middle-upper grade fertile cotton fields selected for irrigation have basal fertilizers of 3-5 cubic meters of decomposed manure, 40 kilograms of diammonium, 20 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) and 30 kilograms of urea. In the second half of March, the land was creaked. On the ground around April 5, the site was finely shredded, and then ridged and covered with a plastic film (90 cm (0.05 mm)) for broadcast.
4. Suitable area. Intercropping cotton and radish requires abundant light and accumulated temperature, so it is required to promote it in the central and southern parts of Guizhou.
Third, field management
Cotton uses a simplified cultivation technique and will only hit the top on July 15-20. After simplified management of cotton, it is conducive to vegetative growth, maximizing the leaf area coefficient, promoting the development of root systems, strong cotton plants, and enhancing stress resistance. After the radish is harvested, it is necessary to unload the worms in time to remove the debris in the fields, cultivating and cultivating, and top-dressing and watering once, and combine 10 to 15 kilograms of urea with watering, so as to prompt the cotton to quickly erect the high-yield shelf and accumulate the high-yielding material basis of the cotton. Late cotton management is similar to single cotton.
After the emergence of radish, seedlings should be seeded in a timely manner. It takes 35-40 days to sow to enlargement period (break belly and bare shoulder). After the radish enters the expansion period, fertilizer and water management should be carried out in a timely manner. The application of fertilizer and water should be light to heavy. Generally, the water should be harvested 4 times, every 5 - 7 days watering once, 2-3 water mu urea 10 kg. Generally about 60 days, a single weight of up to 0.75-1 kilograms, timely harvest according to market conditions.
IV. Pest Control
Intercropping cotton fields due to increase a quarter of radish, pests and diseases occur more than monoculture cotton fields, to prevent and control in time. Radish diseases mainly include soft rot and black spot, but as long as disease resistant varieties are selected, diseases can be overcome. As a precautionary measure, soft rot can be dressed with Caifengning B1, 10g/mu. Agricultural streptomycin 100ppm solution, or 70% dexamethasone 500-1000 times spray or root. 70% of mangosteen with 22% mancozeb 500 times liquid, 60% antiviral 500 times, sprayed 7-10 days, even spray 3-4 times. Insect pests mainly include cabbage caterpillars, moths and leaf miners. For cabbage caterpillars and Plutella xylostella were treated with 10% cypermethrin EC or 20% cypermethrin EC 2000-3000 times and 50% phoxim EC 1500-2000 times. The leaf miner can be sprayed with malathion 50% EC 1000 times, and dimethoate 40% EC 1000-1200 times spray.
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