In winter, the weather is cold, the illumination time is short, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and respiratory diseases enter a high incidence period. As a result, the egg production rate of chickens decreased, the number of misshapen eggs increased, and the rate of dead scouring increased. In severe cases, large numbers of chickens were killed, causing economic losses to chicken farmers. Therefore, it is very important to improve the aquaculture efficiency by doing a good job of feeding and managing laying hens in winter and reducing the occurrence of diseases.
First, do a good job of heat and moisture
The optimum temperature for egg laying is 18°C-25°C. When the temperature is below 7°C, the egg production rate and feed conversion rate are significantly reduced. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep the heat insulation of the chicken house well. Newly-built or pending chicken houses should be built with insulated materials as much as possible to build closed houses; the houses built or being used should have cotton hanging curtains on the outside of doors and windows, or a layer of insulation material on the outside wall of the house, which can be used in particularly cold areas. Heating equipment such as coal stoves, hot blast stoves, etc. are added to the house.
Excessive humidity in winter sheds is conducive to the breeding of bacteria and viruses, increasing the incidence of diseases, usually the relative humidity does not exceed 60%. Therefore, the chicken house should be cleaned frequently, and at the same time, it is necessary to control less water, reasonably arrange the frequency and time of chicken disinfection, and avoid excessive humidity in the house.
Second, create a good breeding environment
In winter, the temperature is low, and only pay attention to the insulation of the chicken house and neglect the ventilation, which is often the main cause of respiratory diseases in winter. Therefore, while maintaining a stable temperature inside the house, timely removal of feces and garbage, reduce the concentration of harmful gases; by adding health care drugs to eliminate harmful gas stimulation; strengthen ventilation, timely discharge of pollution and harmful gases. Ventilation time is generally selected from 10 am to 3 pm when the temperature is high. The closed chicken house adopts mechanical ventilation and should be gradually and gradually implemented from weak to strong, so that the chicken has a gradually adapting process to prevent chickens suffering from cold disease due to the sudden temperature drop at the fan outlet and the air inlet. When the open house is ventilated, it is necessary to prevent convective winds. Generally, sunroof ventilation is adopted, ventilation openings can be provided with wind deflectors, and the cold air can be blown upwards by the wind deflector, mixed with warm air in the house, and then blown to the chicken body. Ensure chicken health.
Third, to ensure adequate lighting time
The lack of natural light in winter, and the reduction of light will reduce the secretion of related hormones in the anterior pituitary of chickens, resulting in a decrease in the egg production rate of chickens. Therefore, artificial lighting supplements are required in the house during the winter to stimulate egg production. General requirements lay light for 16 hours a day. Artificial lighting supplements should pay attention to the following points: First, the lights can be turned on earlier, and the temperature in the morning is relatively low. Turning on the lights early can increase the body's heat production and reduce the adverse effects caused by low temperatures. At the same time, the flock can start its activity and feed at the lowest temperature. The second is to have regularity, on time, turn off the lights, must not be suddenly morning and evening, off and on, so as not to cause decreased egg production or moult. Third, the variable frequency switch can be used. Each time the light is turned on or turned off, it must be gradually changed from dark to bright and from bright to dark, giving the chicken an adaptation process to prevent the chickens from generating stress.
Fourth, increase energy feed supply
The quality of feed quality has a serious impact on the chicken's egg production performance, often due to different sources of raw materials and different ingredients, causing egg production rates to decline to varying degrees, producing soft eggs, thin preserved eggs, and so on. It is advisable to use full-price brands of regular manufacturers to ensure the nutritional requirements of the chicken body. The consumption of feed for winter chickens is about 10% more than that for other seasons. It is necessary to properly increase the energy feed in feeds, such as oil, corn, etc., to meet the nutritional needs of laying hens, enhance the resistance of chickens, and increase the egg production rate.
Fifth, pay attention to immunization work
The chicken farm should formulate reasonable epidemic prevention procedures according to the epidemic characteristics of the local epidemic and its own actual situation, and regular epidemic prevention. In winter, it is necessary to perform antibody testing and immunization against infectious diseases such as Newcastle disease, bird flu, and infectious bronchitis in chickens, and to strengthen immunity when antibodies are low. In addition, vaccine selection is very important, we must choose qualified manufacturers produce the vaccine.
6. Observe and adjust chickens in time
Attention should be paid to the changes in the environmental conditions of the chicken house. Diligently observe the flock and timely eliminate the chicken with shrinking cocks, shrinking pubis, tight feathers, and dry skin on the legs. Diseased chickens are found to be isolated, diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. For diseased chickens and dead chickens that have no therapeutic value, they can be harmlessly treated by measures such as deep burial and incineration to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases.
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