1. Seed treatment
The seeds are soaked with fresh water for about 30 minutes, then placed in warm water of 55°C to 60°C, soaked for 10 to 15 minutes. During this period, 1/500 potassium permanganate solution is added, stirred, and the water temperature is reduced to about 37°C. Remove, rinse with water, then soak for about 5-7 hours with water until enough water is sucked. Finally, remove the seeds, put them into a clean gauze bag and put them into a cotton cloth bag and place them at a temperature of 26°C to 28°C for germination. Clean the mucus once every 10 to 12 hours with clean water, filter it, put it in a cloth bag, and wait until the seed dew has exceeded 1/3.
2. Seeding method
(1) Live
Mechanized film sowing. The average spacing per row is 0.66 meters. The spacing between the rows is 3.2-3.4 centimeters, and about 3,100 per acre.
(2) On-demand
Mechanical coating, artificial seed, plant spacing in the 32 to 35 cm, the number of plants per acre between 3300 ~ 3500.
3. Soil preparation and sowing
(1) Land preparation
The basic requirements for land preparation are flat, homogeneous, broken, concrete, and net.
(2) sowing
Using wet sowing method, pouring enough water, covered with medicine soil cover, disease prevention and pest control, and finally cover the film.
1 mechanical sowing
The width of the ridge is about 70 cm, the width of the ditch is about 50 cm, and the depth of sowing is between 3 and 4 cm. The amount per mu is about 150 g. At the same time, 8 kg of three-material phosphate fertilizer was used as a seed fertilizer per acre.
2 artificial on-demand
The sowing depth is between 4 and 5 cm, and the number of seeds per hole is 11 to 13 grains, with a dosage of 150 grams per mu.
4. Field management
(1) Seedling management
After sowing, the seedlings can be planted one week later. The emergence of the seedlings should be checked at any time. The seedlings should be liberated in time, and the seedlings should be sparsely seeded at the appropriate time. In the presence of two true leaves, the weak seedlings were removed and when they reached 5 true leaves, the seedlings were started. One plant per hole, timely soil sealing and mulching after Dingmiao. The mechanical coating shall be seeded according to the spacing of 30 cm, and 3300 to 3500 strains should be kept per mu.
(2) Fertilization Technology
Because tomatoes belong to fruits and vegetables that are the result of continuous growth, in addition to the application of base fertilizers, there must be adequate top dressing for supply. Under normal circumstances, topdressing should begin within 1 week after planting, with an interval of 8 to 10 days. Since the tomato seedling stage is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, which promotes the growth of stems and leaves, the amount of urea should not exceed 5 kilograms per acre before the tomato results. When the first batch of solanaceous fruit swells, it is appropriate to apply heavy fertilizer. When the second and third batches of solanaceous fruit inflate, the nutritional requirements will be even higher. At this time, the topdressing will not only increase, but also increase phosphorus appropriately. The amount of potash fertilizer is used, and the subsequent topdressing must ensure the continued growth of the solanum fruit. According to calculations, generally based on the application of basal fertilizer, the total amount of fertilizer required per acre of tomato should be 50 kg of urea, 70 kg of potash, or 100 kg of compound fertilizer and 30 kg of potash.
(3) Water Management
In order to do deep-groove sorghum cultivation and planting, Huantian ditches should be opened in advance. When watering the best ramets watering, try not to use the way to fill fields. When watering, it is best to choose the time of the evening, and to use Happy Valley water. If the residence time in the gutter does not exceed 2 hours, the water should be drained immediately. The requirement is that the soil can be kept basically moist.
(4) Pruning
For single stem pruning, one main stem should be left, and the other side branches should all be removed. For double stem pruning, it is required to retain the side branches from the first leaf of the first inflorescence and to cut off the other side branches in addition to the main trunk. Due to the large number of tomatoes, if they are not controlled to allow their growth, there will be uneven fruit size, thus the implementation of thinning fruits and vegetables. Under normal circumstances, each branch can be reserved for 6 to 7 fruit.
(5) Earthing and weeding
Soil cultivation is an important task in tomato cultivation and cannot be neglected. The soil is usually at least 2 to 3 times, and it is best to use it in combination with fertilization. Weeding can choose the way to cover the soil, which will avoid accidentally injuring the root system of the tomato due to weeding.
(6) Prevention of crackers
Due to some external factors, tomato cracking may occur, such as rain or improper irrigation, sun exposure, etc. In this case, it can be protected with pesticides to reduce the occurrence of cracking. It can be sprayed with 85% of the long-term soluble water 2000-3000mg/kg, 0.1% calcium oxide solution, or sprayed with copper phosphate and zinc phosphate, also can improve its heat resistance, in order to enhance the crack resistance of tomato and Anti-burning ability.
5. Harvest
When the first batch of fruit is fully reddish and mature, and the second batch matures to 15%, it can be picked. During the picking process, it is forbidden to turn over in the field to prevent damage to the ripe fruit.
Pest Control
1. Prevent premature aging
In the seedling stage, strong seedlings are mainly cultivated, and watering is appropriately controlled to prevent seedlings from growing fruit and fruit to enlarge before ripening. Because of the large amount of nutrients and water requirements during this period, it is necessary to treat the degree of soil drought and timely watering. For 9 to 11 days, watering once; during ripening period of fruit harvest, it is necessary to control watering to prevent the fruit from rotting due to water infiltration.
2. Tomato late blight
This disease is very harmful to the open cultivation of tomatoes. Can choose 75% chlorothalonil WP wettable powder 650 ~ 750 times, or MnZn WP wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times the liquid, the two are preferably used interchangeably, sprayed once a day.
3. Tomato virus disease
Seeds soaked in fresh water for 3 to 4 hours before sowing, and then soaked in 10% sulfuric acid solution for 45 to 55 minutes, remove and rinse with water before germination. It can also be soaked with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 0.5 hours.
Tomato leaf mold
At the beginning of the disease, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used 500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, spraying once every other week for 3 to 4 consecutive times.
5. Tomato canker disease
Seeds are disinfected before sowing. Use 1.05% sodium hypochlorite solution to soak the seeds for 30-40 minutes, rinse the seeds with water, and soak in warm water for about 10 minutes.
6. Early flood prevention
In case of high temperature and drought, there may be outbreaks of maggots. At this time, 50% anti-influx WP can be used for spray prevention and control from 3500 to 4500 times. At the same time, there are also vigilances against the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt, spot blight, gray mold, wilt disease, and root-knot nematode diseases. If there are signs of disease, immediate medical measures must be taken.
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