Peach has the characteristics of rapid growth and early maturation. Reasonable formula fertilization is of great significance in regulating the annual supply of fruit and satisfying market needs. The formula fertilization of peach trees should be based on the characteristics of growth and development in each period of the annual cycle and the requirements for fertilizers, and then comprehensively consider the species, tree age, tree vigor, yield, and Taoyuan soil conditions.
Peach trees are more tolerant to barrens, younger trees require less fertilizer, and the amount of adult peaches should be applied to nitrogen (N) 0.4-0.5 kg, phosphorus (P205) 0.2-0.3 kg, and potassium (K2O) 0.5 for every 100 kg of fruit produced. ~ 0.7 kg.
Fertilizer is divided into two types: base fertilizer and top dressing. Basic fertilizer is applied after the fruit is harvested in autumn. The dosage is 2 to 3 times of the yield. The organic fertilizer is mainly used, and inorganic fertilizer is used in combination. It is usually 3000 to 3500 kg of farmland fertilizer. Or commodity organic fertilizer 400 ~ 450 kg, 13 ~ 17 kg of ammonium phosphate, 6 kg of urea, potassium sulfate 5 kg. There are three kinds of application methods: one is the application of a circular furrow outside the crown (suitable for juvenile trees); the other is the application of a radiation furrow out of the canopy (suitable for fruit trees); the third is the whole garden application (appropriate for dense planting) Age Taoyuan). As early as the spring base fertilizer should be as early as possible. When the soil temperature is stable at 4～5°C, the roots of the peach tree begin to move; the soil temperature rises and the root activity accelerates. If the roots are not taken care of when digging the fertilization ditch, a large number of roots will affect the absorption of the root system.
Dressing usually takes 2 or 3 times a year. The first germination period usually starts about 2 weeks before germination. In order to supplement the lack of nutrient in the previous year's tree body, flowering was neat, the fruit setting rate was improved, and there was also the effect of expanding the leaf area and promoting the growth of new shoots. Fertilizers are mainly available nitrogen fertilizers, with about 0.5 kilograms of urea applied per plant. In the second hard fruit period, the top dressing promotes embryonic and nuclear development, germination and differentiation, fruit enlargement, and lays the foundation for the results. The compound fertilizer is generally used as the main compound fertilizer; after the third fruit is harvested, the supplement fertilizer can supplement the consumption of the tree body, strengthen the nutrition accumulation in autumn, and increase the overwintering ability. Fertilizer type and dosage are the same as the second time.
Extra-root top dressing is a necessary supplement for soil fertilization. Because peaches are sensitive to trace elements, they are prone to temporary deficiencies. Therefore, the importance of top dressing is even more apparent. Spraying a 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution at the early flowering stage can make the fruit setting rate more than 80%. Spraying 0.2%-0.3% calcium nitrate during rapid fruit enlargement period can increase the hardness of the fruit, reduce the number of softened fruit of the tip and fruit carpel sutures, increase the fruit grade, quality, price, and increase the economic income of the fruit grower.
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