Zinc deficiency
Low zinc content in soil and loss of balance of available zinc in soil are the major causes of zinc deficiency. Most of the farmland in Jilin Province, especially in the black earth, chernozem, pale chernozem, calcareous meadow soil, and saline-alkali soil in the central and western regions, has a low content of available zinc in the soil and belongs to zinc-deficient or potential zinc-deficient soil; agricultural intensification Increased levels, increased use of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, and artificial adjustment of zinc malnutrition, lead to zinc nutrients can not be offset, breaking the balance of the original zinc in the soil; a large number of phosphate fertilizers applied to reduce the effectiveness of soil zinc, Zinc deficiency symptoms will also result.
2. Zinc deficiency symptoms
Zinc deficiency mainly occurs at the seedling stage. In zinc-deficient soils, zinc deficiency symptoms may occur after 1 to 2 weeks of corn emergence. Its characteristics are that the plants are dwarfed, the internodes are shortened, and the semi-unfolding leaves (the above-mentioned second to third leaves) become greenish yellowish, gradually extending upwards from the base of the leaves along the veins, and extending to the edges, until they become two-thirds of the leaves and gradually change. White. Severe plants, leaf necrosis, become translucent film, the very serious of the whole plant death, absolutely no yield, although the latter can recover spontaneously in the later period, the farmers called this disease Huabai disease.
3. Increase of zinc fertilizer production
Maize is the most sensitive to zinc. The application of zinc fertilizer on zinc-deficient soil has a significant effect on yield increase. According to statistics, the application of zinc sulfate average yield increase of 14.4%, mu can increase corn production 36.5kg. The effect of increasing the yield of maize by applying zinc is related to the maize variety. The results of the province's tests over the years show that zinc can be used to increase production by 10% to 15%. The effect of applying zinc to maize varies depending on the degree of zinc deficiency in the soil. In a typical zinc-deficient soil, the yield can be increased by a few percent or even the yield-reduced land can obtain higher yields. In general, zinc deficiency can also increase production by about 10 percent.
4. Zinc fertilizer application technology
4.1 The dosage of mouth fertilizer or basal fertilizer is 1~1.5kg of zinc sulfate per acre, which is used as nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer of oral fertilizer and basal fertilizer, or organic mixed evenly into soil, or mixed with 20~30kg of dry sand. . Should pay attention to segregation with the seeds, keep 4 to 6cm distance, to prevent burning seedlings.
4.2 seed dressing with 2kg of water, dissolve 20g of zinc sulfate, mix 50kg of corn seed, dry after sowing. Can also be used 20g zinc sulfate, 75g talcum powder together, after 60 mesh sieve, dry mix 50kg corn seeds. Mixed seeds and livestock are prohibited.
4.3 soaking 0.1% ~ 0.2% zinc sulfate solution soaked for 12 hours, dry and sowing.
4.4 Spraying confirmed that it belongs to zinc-deficient soil, and no zinc fertilizer is used as mouth fertilizer and basal fertilizer. The base of the 4th to 5th leaf of the corn can be found at the seedling stage of the corn with white or light white yellow, and the leaf edge and the back of the leaf are purple. 0.1% to 0.3% of zinc sulfate solution is formulated and sprayed 1 or 2 times, with two intervals of 4 to 5 days. The critical period of zinc is generally at the seedling stage of crops. Zinc deficiency has the greatest impact on the crop growth, and the later spraying effect is small. Therefore, the spraying time should be earlier than late. When zinc deficiency occurs in corn, the earlier the spraying is, the better the effect is. It is better to spray it twice in a row. Generally, the interval is 5 to 7 days. It is advisable to spray the entire plant with fertilizer every time it is sprayed. The spraying time is preferably selected in the evening on a sunny day. After the spraying, if it is raining within 8 to 10 hours, it must be refilled again.
5. Precautions for applying zinc fertilizer
5.1 The utilization rate of zinc fertilizer applied every other year is very low, and most of the zinc applied to the soil is fixed by soil. The fixed rate in the first year is 65% to 88%, and the fixed rate in the second year is 85% to 92%. The fixed rate in the third year It is 88.5% to 92.4%, and it tends to be stable later. The application of 1 kg of zinc sulphate to the maize in the mu will increase the yield by an average of 9% in the second year and only increase by 5% in the third year. Therefore, zinc can be applied every two to three years.
5.2 Zinc and phosphorus combined with thin application, partial alkali, and sand, soil with low organic matter content often lack both zinc and phosphorus. In order to increase the yield of zinc fertilizer, zinc and phosphate fertilizers should be considered, which can improve zinc fertilizer utilization. Rate, but also can increase phosphate fertilizer utilization. The single application of the two may easily lead to the imbalance of phosphorus and zinc nutrition and reduce the utilization rate and output of zinc and phosphorus.
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