The basic principles of using pesticides to prevent disease:
First, early prevention, comprehensive prevention and treatment.
The prevention of disease through agricultural measures such as rational fertilization and watering, regulation of temperature and humidity, etc. is a cost-effective and effective method of disease prevention and control. It is not easy to get sick. Low humidity is not susceptible to illness. The timely cleaning of diseased leaves and old leaves in the field can reduce the contagion of germs. Insect pests, virus diseases, and sunburn can be effectively prevented through insect nets and shade nets.
Second, the types of agents
The pesticides on the market can be divided into five categories: insecticides, bactericides, viricides, herbicides and rodenticides. The fungicides and pesticides are commonly used on vegetables. According to the mechanism of action of fungicides, fungicides can be divided into protective agents, therapeutic agents and compounding agents.
1. Protective agent: The liquid sprayed on the leaf surface, adhered to the surface of the plant to form a protective film, so that the bacteria can not invade the leaf, which can not be used for the purpose of disease. The common protective agent is the multi-liquid chlorothalonil (Dacron), mancozeb (Dasheng, Yibao), Daisenam, and Zelenzinc.
The advantages of the protective agent: First, a broad spectrum, can prevent a variety of diseases; Second, is not easy to produce drug resistance, can be used repeatedly in the same growing season and the same crop, and third, the price is relatively low. The use of two points should pay attention to, one must be early in the disease medication, only effect, and second, we must spray uniform and effective control will be high.
2. Therapeutic agents: For certain diseases, the agents directly destroy the pathogen's physiological activity, and some directly kill the spores, and some directly destroy the hyphae. Common therapeutic agents are:
(1) For downy mildew, epidemic disease, pythium, downy, etc.: Antivirus, Kelu, Metalaxyl, Precore, B-aluminum.
(2) Against gray mold: Sucrolimus (Pyrithromycin), Prodioctoin (Iprodione), Nonyllin, Botrytis cinerea, etc.; Carbamates and its complexes; , spirit of spirit.
(3) for white powder, withered, gray mold, black stars, etc.: carbendazim, chlorpromazine, acetaminophen, phenobarbital, Fuxing, and Bacteria.
Therapeutic agents have the following characteristics:
(1) Highly targeted, different agents for different diseases, multi-use or wrong without effect.
(2) The bactericidal spectrum is narrow, and an agent is effective only for a certain type of disease.
(3) There are many functions of internal absorption, and the spraying is mainly on the back of the leaves, taking into account the positive side.
(4) It has a therapeutic eradicating effect.
(5) Single use will produce drug resistance. The use of special bactericides should first be symptomatic. The amount of liquid must ensure that the plants can absorb as much liquid as possible into the body.
3, compounding agent. Is the combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents, common in the market are: anti-virus antimony, B manganese, pseudo-fast net, Kelu, downy mildew, Jiamein, Brewery spirit.
Having mastered the above knowledge of drugs, we must do the following when using pesticides:
(1) The protective medicine should be used for early prevention and the spraying should be uniform. It is not necessary to add a therapeutic agent for protection.
(2) Treating symptomatic medications, treating them with good medicines for the first time, striving for effective results, sweeping residuals on two occasions, and controlling the use of protective agents and therapeutic agents.
(3) Prevention and control are used in key parts, such as the control of gray mold of vegetables and fruits, and prevention must be started from the flower department. To add 1/1000 quick keratin in the 2.4-D tow when the tomato is drowning, it is found that the disease should be promptly removed. Cucumber gray mold in the root melon flowering stage, waist melon flowering stage, top melon flowering stage, such as early spraying squirting flower melon flower prevention effect is obvious, found timely removal of diseased melon, and then medication control.
(4) Master the safety period of pesticide use. In order to meet the requirements of foods without pollution, it is necessary to grasp the safety interval.
(5) Prevent drug resistance. All rotation drugs, mixed drugs slow down the pathogen's resistance to drug production.
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