1. The resistance and viability of Botrytis cinerea are very strong. It can either ingest nutrients from living plant tissue, or it can survive in the remnants of death. It belongs to semi-live organisms. Taking cucumber gray mold as an example, the conidia of pathogens can survive for 4 to 6 months on susceptible fruits, petals, calyces, stems, and leaves, and the survival time of sclerotia is longer. Botrytis cinerea can live in the soil, on the plants, on the back wall of the greenhouse, on the columns, and on the suspended lines, and spread to the plants through airflow, rainwater, agricultural operations, etc. Once the conditions are right, it quickly infects.
2. Pathogens are easily invaded from the wound: Botrytis cinerea likes to be "sweet and tender", and the favorite sites for infestation are flowers, young fruits, and fruits that turn color mature. The reason is that some of the secretions on the flowers will stimulate the rapid propagation of germs. Once wounds appear on the young epidermis or mature fruits, the bacteria will “follow†the oozing juices from these parts. A survey found that the incidence of Botrytis cinerea invasion of fruit from the remaining petals is the largest, accounting for 86.27% to 91.61% of all intrusions. After flowering with regulators in production, the petal residue rate in the fruit pedicle was 67.71% to 100%. This is also one of the reasons for the high incidence of tomato gray mold in greenhouses.
3. Humidity and gray mold are prone to outbreaks: Weather is an important cause of the rate of gray mold. Botrytis cinerea prefers cool temperatures (18~23°C) and high humidity (above 85%), as well as poor weather. Therefore, it is easy for Botrytis to explode when it is cloudy or rainy.
4. Virulent pathogenicity: The ability to rapidly infect Botrytis cinerea is highly pathogenic. Once invaded into plant organs, it will rapidly express symptoms and rapidly produce new conidia. Therefore, once the disease occurs, it means that the amount of bacteria is very likely to expand explosively. A slight delay will lead to outbreaks.
Gray mold, prevention and treatment
Due to the above reasons, it is often too late to fight the drug after the occurrence of gray mold. Therefore, prevention of gray mold is very important.
As long as we further understand: what condition of Botrytis cinerea is easy to breed and infect on the surface of the plant, how does the plant germinate and invade, how does the plant respond and react, and whether there is any chance after invading the plant body? To control it, etc., you will find that there are many opportunities to prevent and control the occurrence of gray mold.
1. Decrease the number of pathogens of gray mold
Botrytis cinerea inhabits in the soil and in the remaining tissues of plants. Therefore, before or after planting vegetables or fruit trees, and before or after flowering, especially after flowering, care should be taken to remove these diseased foliage and flowers. Such as fruit and other, and then use fungicide nitrile, quick koning, iprodione and other fungicides comprehensive treatment of soil, flower, young fruit and the entire greenhouse, you can greatly reduce the number of gray mold bacteria.
2. Early medication control
The study found that when Botrytis cinerea infects plants, it first comes into contact with the plant body. In the vicinity of stomata, lenticels or wounds, conidia germinate into germ tubes and appressorium, and adherent cells secrete keratinase and lipase, etc. The enzyme passes through the stratum corneum and destroys the epidermis, forming an invasive spot on the surface of the plant, secreting cell wall degradation of endogenous polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase and hemicellulase. Enzymes, which break down plant organs, help the mycelium to extract nutrients.
Cucumber gray mold
After understanding the infection characteristics of Botrytis cinerea, we can take appropriate measures to prevent and control the different stages of gray mold that are prone to occur.
1 Before decorating and bagging, when using fungicides to sterilize the flowers, or before fruit bagging, use fungicides such as fluocinonil and sulferyl chloride to sterilize in advance to protect them. The effect will be very good.
2 Early onset, early drug control In the event of sporadic lesions in the field, pyraclostrobin or azoxystrobin was used to reconstitute procymidone, iprodione, etc., and the germs that were germinating were cut off. The key to this measure is to grasp the timing well and to act quickly and without delay.
3 spraying antibiotics for inhibition can also be sprayed Bacillus subtilis, Hartz fungus, pink sticky mildew, etc., use these antibiotics to aggravate the germination environment of gray mold bacteria, or inhibit the secretion of plant tissue degrading enzymes, while killing they. However, attention should be paid to the conditions of temperature and humidity at the time. These antibiotics also need a suitable temperature and humidity environment.
4 "Milk + Water" also has a controlling effect When a sporadic diseased plant is found, continuous spraying of a milk solution of 1:9 can also effectively control the gray mold.
5 When the disease is serious, when multiple measures and diseases have already begun to occur seriously, more measures must be taken. First remove the diseased leaves, diseased flowers, and diseased fruits, and then spray some of the more special new bactericidal agents, such as boscalid.
3. Activate the plant's immune system
When the human body encounters a bacteria attack, it will initiate a corresponding immunization program. The same applies to plants. In general, the immune response of plants to germs is divided into three major steps:
The first step is to identify whether the microorganisms adhering to the surface of the plant body are harmful. If it is found to be harmful, the second step is initiated, namely, the induction of toxic substances secreted by the germs. Finally, the immune proteins in the plant are activated to secrete biochemical substances that can destroy and protect against the virulence of the bacteria.
For example, chitinase degrades the cell wall of the pathogen, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibits the activity of the bacteria, and polygalacturonase inhibits the destruction of plant cell walls by the pectin degrading enzymes secreted by the bacteria.
Grape Botrytis cinerea
We can use these immune responses from plants in two ways.
1 Breeding Disease-Resistant Varieties For example, studies have found that using the disease-resistant genes contained in wild thorn vines in China, new varieties with better resistance can be bred. The red hard fruit tomato is more resistant to gray mold than the pink fruit tomato.
2 Healthy cultivation, improve the resistance of plants, such as more scientifically fertilize the water, so that plants grow robust, rather than prosperous.
3 After using the immune system activator to understand the laws of plant's immune response, researchers have successively discovered a number of things that have induced the plant to open the immune response, such as the Alternaria alternata activating protein developed by the Plant Protection Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A very good plant immune system activator.
However, plant immune system activators cannot be used frequently or freely. The key is to use them in the early stage of disease occurrence, ie, when there are sporadic diseased leaves in the field, or when the weather suitable for the outbreak of gray mold begins to appear.
Of course, this immune activation-inducing agent can also be used in conjunction with a chemical bactericide, and the effect will be better.
4. Regulate the growth environment of plants
According to the plant's growing demand for temperature and humidity, as far as possible to control the shed indoor temperature, humidity, light and other conditions, the maximum temperature during the day controlled at 25 ~ 30 °C, relative humidity controlled at 85% or less, pay attention to ventilation and light management. Planting plant density should not be too large, do not spray water on cloudy days, as early as spring and winter cold season as far as possible in the morning spray.
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