Recently, many areas in the south have experienced the double test of high temperatures and heavy rains. At this time, cotton enters the bell-bearing period, and has high requirements for the combination of fertilizer, temperature and moisture. Then, what problems are easy to encounter in this period of cotton growth? How should we carry out scientific soil and fertilizer management? Today, this edition invites experts to combine the field research of more than ten counties and cities in the southern cotton-producing area to propose to farmers. See the technical guidance.
1 vigilant cotton red leaf stem blight
Red leaf stem blight is a physiological disease, which occurs mostly from the initial flowering stage to the bolling stage. It starts from the growth point of the main stem or the top of the fruit branch, and generally develops from the top to the bottom and from the outside to the inside. The tip of the leaf and the leaf margin are chlorotic, the veins are still green, the veins of the veins are light yellow and gradually turn into red, and the leaves are rolled and then die; the petiole is dehydrated and the leaves gradually fall off; the main stem is withered and died, but the anatomical catheter has no color. The root system is short and short, and the roots are small.
The causes of red leaf stem blight outbreaks are: extensive cotton field cultivation and poor cotton root development; second, poor drainage in cotton fields; third, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in excessive growth and cotton field shading; fourth, low application of organic fertilizer and no application of potassium fertilizer Cotton field is poor. In addition, since mid-July, the continuous high temperature weather has covered many high-yield cotton areas. Sudden heavy rain after continuous high temperature, cotton may be partially or contiguously exploding red leaf stem blight, causing severe production cuts.
For the prevention and control of cotton red leaf stem blight, it is recommended to start from three aspects.
Improve the environment "control on the next" for the over-expanded cotton, the application of plant growth retardant ketamine or auxin control, the use of ketamine 3 to 4 grams per mu or 12 to 16 ml of auxin, Spraying 50 kg of water for 1 or 2 times; for cotton-soiled soil in the soil, timely cultivating and smashing the plate to enhance the permeability; for the cotton field with lower terrain, pay attention to the dredge to promote the cotton roots; The cotton cultivated by the membrane should be immediately removed from the mulch to make the cotton root develop in depth.
Increasing the application of potassium fertilizer to improve fertilizer efficiency and potassium deficiency is one of the main factors inducing stem blight of cotton red leaves. For cotton fields with potential potassium deficiency or potassium application, the application of potassium fertilizer per mu is 10-15 kg, and the application or acupoint application can be applied. This can meet the demand for potassium in cotton and improve physiological activity. Secondly, the fertilizer ratio structure of cotton field can be adjusted to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Due to the seedling system, the incidence of the disease and the degree of disease are different in different regions and different farmers. In addition to the incomplete death of cotton plants can not be saved, as long as the cotton leaves have not withered, the main stem growth point is still active, can be used to quickly restore fertility.
One can use humic acid active liquid fertilizer Huimanfeng or Zhuangfuxing, spray 100 ml per acre with 50 kg of water for 2 times, each time 7 days apart; 2 can spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% sulfuric acid Potassium solution 1 or 2 times; three can be sprayed with plant growth promoter 0.01% sputum (alkaline lactone) solution or 2000 times of "802" irrigated root, which can not only improve soil oxygen supply status, but also quickly replenish nutrient.
2Scientific application of potassium to promote cotton growth
After field investigation, the author found that from late July to early August, cotton was transformed very quickly. Many cotton fields had more than 20 peaches per plant. Some cotton plants with some management measures can have more than 30 peaches, which are better. . On the other hand, the proportion of red stems in the main stem of cotton is very high, some flowers have been opened to the top of cotton plants, the growth point is convex, there are not many young buds on the fruit branches, the rate of buds is high, and typical de-fertilization occurs. symptom.
According to the survey, a considerable number of cotton farmers still lack accurate understanding of potash application, and there is a general shortage of potassium fertilizer application in cotton fields. Some cotton farmers do not know what the role of potash is; some believe that as long as the application of compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer contains potassium, it can meet the growth needs of cotton; others say that the high price of potash will increase the cost of planting.
Potassium fertilizer can increase the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, increase the life activity of cotton, increase the number of peaches per plant, significantly increase the weight of single boll, accelerate the bolls and bolls, improve the fiber quality, and increase the yield of seed cotton by 25 kg per mu. about. At the same time, it can also enhance the resistance to blight.
Potassium fertilizer dosage High-yield cotton field generally applies 30 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate fertilizer per mu, and is applied twice by base fertilizer and top dressing. It should be noted that high potassium fertilizer must be applied to meet the demand of cotton for insect resistance and yield increase.
For example, if 60 mg of potassium oxide is applied, the pure potassium content of 30 kg of potassium fertilizer is 18 kg; and the same dose, 45% of NPK compound fertilizer, pure potassium content is only 7.5 kg, pure organic fertilizer The potassium content is lower. At present, the price of potash on the market is much lower than that of previous years, and the input-output ratio of potassium fertilizer is cost-effective.
Potassium fertilizer application method The excessive application of potassium fertilizer at one time will have an antagonistic effect on other elements and affect the absorption of other fertilizers by cotton. If no potassium fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer, it should be applied in time in the cotton bud stage and flowering and bolling period. Spraying potassium fertilizer outside the root is generally carried out after a large amount of cotton is ringing. Although the application of potassium fertilizer outside the root can supplement a small amount of potassium, the application of potassium fertilizer should be based on deep ditching or deep acupoint application, and it is easy to cause loss and volatilization.
3 Pu Shi peach fertilizer is related to high yield and quality
The amount of peach on cotton is positively correlated with yield. In other words, the grasp of peach fertilizer is related to whether cotton is high or not. Applying peach fertilizer can increase the weight of the bell, increase the percentage of the clothing, and improve the fiber quality.
Why can peach fertilizer promote high yield and quality of cotton?
- First, the bell-bearing period is the second peak period of carbon in cotton plants. The amount of soluble sugar increases, the nitrogen content decreases, the proportion of carbon and nitrogen is the largest, and the nutrients are needed the most. Therefore, cotton seedlings cannot be “hungry†because of cotton. ;
- Second, after the cotton begins to ring, the direction of nutrient transport in the body is no longer transported to the main stem, but instead is input to the cotton boll, the cotton plant has tolerance, and the application of peach fertilizer does not cause madness;
- Third, after applying peach fertilizer, the peach-producing rate of the regenerated fruit branches above the 11-layer fruit branches of cotton plants is often more than 50%, which is more than 10 percentage points higher than that of cotton plants without peach fertilizer or less peach fertilizer;
- Fourth, the efficiency of putting fertilizer into the peach is lower than that after putting the peach. For example, if you put 1 yuan in the peach before the peach, you can increase the income by 2 to 3 yuan, and after you take the peach, you can increase the income by 4 yuan. yuan.
This year, because cotton has already consumed a lot of fertilizer in the early stage of production, especially in some disaster-stricken areas, it is necessary to replenish peach fertilizer in time, and strictly grasp the technical points of application. From the time of birth, the effective bud period of cotton is on August 15th, and the effective flowering and ringing period is around September 10th. There is still a lot of compensation space, and it can fully grasp the application of peach fertilizer in this period.
From the perspective of application technology, adjustments can be made in four aspects.
- First, the application of peach fertilizer is a general application of peach fertilizer;
- The second is to reduce the application to a sufficient amount, generally 15 to 20 kg of urea per acre, and 8 to 10 kg of potassium fertilizer in the potassium-deficient cotton field;
- The third is to change the application as a hole or a strip, both to raise the roots and to protect the roots;
- Fourth, in the case of drought, it is necessary to divert water from the ditch, rush to fertilize and fertilize, and insist on using water to adjust the water, adjust the water with water, and regulate the water with water to create good ecological conditions for high cotton yield. Only by applying the peach fertilizer and applying the peach fertilizer can the cotton be “nearly in Augustâ€, “old in September†and “bump in Octoberâ€. (Farmers Daily)
This article URL: cotton planting and fertilizing precautions in late summer and early autumn [Figure]
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