Release date: 2017-11-03
For a long time, we believe that Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease, and scientists have also treated various diseases. But recently we have found that these treatments lack efficacy. Just yesterday, "Molecular Psychiatry" published an article: Alzheimer's disease may be the same as cancer, it will be transferred! Not just brain disease, it is more likely to be a systemic disease!
Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease) may spread, like cancer, from one part of the body to another, Alzheimer's disease originating from peripheral tissues eventually settles in the brain. Therefore, the mechanism by which Alzheimer's disease begins in the peripheral tissues of the body, not the brain, remains unclear.
However, the physical origin of Alzheimer's disease can prove that it is feasible to use the drug to attack the disease as early as possible before it crosses the blood-brain barrier. The drug can target the kidneys or the liver rather than acting directly on the brain because the brain is extremely complex, sensitive and difficult to reach.
It is confirmed that Alzheimer's disease is similar to cancer-like transmission using an experimental method called "Parabiosis" - two specimens are surgically combined to enable them to share blood supply. Scientists at the University of British Columbia and the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing used this technique to keep two experimental mice together for several months. Normal mice do not naturally develop Alzheimer's disease when they are concatenated into transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice, that is, the mice are engineered to carry a high level of production. Mutant gene of amyloid beta protein (Aβ).
Experimental mouse
Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is a protein that forms plaques and inhibits brain cells and is produced in the brain and peripheral tissues. Although it is believed that the Aβ of the cluster in the brain is derived from the brain tissue itself, the purpose of this “conjoined mouse†study is to evaluate whether circulating Aβ may contribute to brain lesions and Alzheimer's disease. .
The detailed results of this study were published in the international journal Molecular Psychiatry on October 31, entitled "Blood-Derived Amyloid-β Protein Induces Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies". In this paper, Aβ produced by transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice was found to enter the blood circulation and enriched in the brain of wild-type mice, and formed amyloid cerebrovascular disease and Aβ plaques after 12 months.
Experimental data
The researchers said that lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease associated with Aβ accumulation include tau hyperphosphorylation, neurodegenerative diseases, neurogenic inflammation, and small amounts of bleeding, all present in the brain of wild-type mice. More importantly, the long-term potentiation of hippocampal CA1 in wild-type mice was severely impaired.
The authors UBC's Weihong Song, Ph.D., and Chongqing's Yan-Jiang Wang, MD, Ph.D., both emphasized that Aβ marched from the transgenic mice to the brains of normal mice, where they enriched and began to damage the brain. cell. Not only do normal mouse brains form plaques, they also form pathological features like "tangles" - the formation of distorted protein chains in brain cells, destroying their function and eventually killing brain cells from the inside out.
Other symptoms of Alzheimer's disease-like damage include brain cell degeneration, inflammation, and hemorrhage. In addition, the ability to participate in the learning and memory of electronic signal transmission is impaired, and this phenomenon occurs only four months after the mouse conjoined.
Song said that in addition to the brain, Aβ can be produced in platelets, blood vessels and muscles, and its precursor protein is also found in other organs. But before these experiments, it was not clear whether Aβ from the outside of the brain would cause Alzheimer's disease. The results of this study show that it can.
Song said that as the age increases, the blood-brain barrier function will weaken. This may allow more Aβ to penetrate into the brain, supplement the substances produced by the brain itself and accelerate its deterioration.
Song envisioned a drug that binds Aβ in the body and marks it biochemically as the liver or kidney can clear it. As Song said, Alzheimer's disease is clearly a brain disease, but we need to pay attention to the whole body to understand where it comes from and how to stop it.
References Bu XL, Xiang Y, Jin WS, Wang J, Shen LL, Huang ZL, et al., Blood-derived amyloid-β protein induces Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Mol Psychiatry. 2017.doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.204.
Source: Translational Medicine Network (micro signal zhuanhuayixue)
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