Pathogenesis
Apple rot disease commonly known as rotten skin disease, stinkbug disease, is an important disease of apple trees in northern China. The main damage was the result of a tree that was more than 6 years old. It caused debilitating trees, dead branches, dead trees, and even destroyed the garden. It also caused widespread damage to many farmers.
According to reports, apple rot disease occurs in the results tree, also occurs in young trees. There are 3 types of ulcers, branches and surface ulcers. Early onset of the disease, the formation of a typical ulcer spot, in the trunk, branch bark appears red-brown, water-like, micro-uplift, round to oblong lesions. Soft texture, easy to tear, depression in hand, yellow-brown sap, smell of distiller's grains. After shrinking, there is a crack on the edge and the diseased skin grows a small black spot. When it's wet, it blows a golden, tendril like a black spot. Branches appear in the spring 2 to 5 years old branches appear lesions, the edges are not clear, do not uplift, not water-like, after dehydration dry, dense black spots. The surface ulcer type showed a slightly reddish-brown, slightly wet, small ulcer spot on the cortex of the summer and autumn. The edges are not neat, usually 2 to 3 mm deep, nails to tens of centimeters in size, rot. After shrinking into a cake. Form ulcers after late autumn. The rot pathogens winter in tree disease tissues. In the early spring, conidia are produced and spread with wind and rain, causing the bark to rot and the host to become ill.
The disease has two peaks of expansion in one year. From March to April and August to September, spring is more important than autumn. In late autumn and early winter, when fruit trees gradually enter dormancy, the resistance weakens, and the germs begin to spread to the inner layers of the bark. The incidence increases. In the early spring of the second year, the temperature rises, the incidence increases, and the expansion speeds up. After the flowering of fruit trees has resumed its growth, the incidence has dropped sharply, the expansion has stopped, and the onset period has ended. The growth of fruit trees in summer and autumn is gradually slower, but it is more viable than in spring. The pathogens invade the healthy tissues and are subject to host resistance. The disease area is limited to the surface of the bark and forms a surface ulcer. If the tree is strong and the nutritional conditions are good, the onset is mild. When the nutrient level of the tree is reduced, the tree vigor is weak, the fertilizer is lack of drought, and the result is too much. After the early defoliation, freezing injury and the occurrence of red spider, the incidence is heavier.
Control methods
This kind of disease must be prevented and prevented early, especially in the early spring, which is a good time for prevention and control. First, we must pay attention to strengthening cultivation management, increase organic fertilizers, and timely irrigation, thin soil can be expanded around the tree plate to improve soil, reasonable fruit, pay attention to drainage and other measures, In order to increase tree vigor, it is necessary to promptly remove the bacteria. Clean up the diseased branches and dead branches in time and scrape the diseased skin. The plastic film on the ground is then cut off from the cuttings and then concentrated on the outside to destroy it. The large branches under the saw do not need to be placed in the garden, and do not use sick sticks as sticks or fences to prevent the spread of germs. At the same time spray shovel remover, in the early spring before germination should be sprayed 40% of Fumei WP 100 times liquid. If Formamide is contradictory to the spray of Lithium, the two drugs can be alternately used every other year to eradicate the surface adhesion and latent surface bacteria.
It is recommended that the farmers should timely cure the lesions, especially in the early spring and late autumn, to scrape the lesions, scrape them into limbs, and then apply the drugs. Available 40% Fuxing Emulsion 500 times or 55% Sheng WP 100 times or 5% Antimicrobial Agent 20~50 times. This disease is prone to recurrence, and summer and autumn should be checked and treated in a timely manner. Bridging is also a good solution. If the lesions are too large and the branches that affect nutrient up and down transportation are affected, one-year-old strong branches can be selected as the scion in the spring. In the upper and lower edges of the lesions, multiple branches can be bridged and tightened.
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