In recent years, there have been many areas for the development of black agriculture. At present, the development of black agriculture is an important content and breakthrough project for the adjustment of agricultural structure in Hefei City, and the benefits of black soybeans are relatively good. According to the planting experience of Hechuan City in the past few years, the high-efficiency cultivation techniques of black soybeans are summarized as follows:
First, the selection of good varieties
In recent years, the city has shown that it is suitable for planting with Minnan black beans (by the urban test in Chongqing, the plant height is 58.68cm, the initial pod height is 16.72cm, the number of branches is 2.53, the number of main stems is 9.65, and the number of pods per pod is 21.72. The pod has a single plant number of 43.55 grains, three pods of 5.60 pods, a 100-grain weight of 22.49 g, a theoretical yield of 163.8 kg/mu, an actual yield of 146.5 kg/mu, and a growth period of 106 days.), Xiongnian black beans and other fine varieties.
Second, the field selection
Generally, open land, young fruit forest land, young mulberry field, citrus high-replacement land, "four-sided" land, low-yielding area corn land, high Y field, Wangtiantian, etc. are suitable for planting.
Third, farming system
Young fruit woodland, high Y field, Wangtiantian, etc., can be bean-bean cultivation, or bean-vegetable cultivation; corn-bean-bean, wheat-bean-è‹•, wheat-yu-è‹•/ can be implemented in corn soil. / Beans and other farming.
Fourth, the sowing period
In order to make a good connection between the sputum and the seedlings of the sorghum crops, it must be broadcast at an early time. However, the spring drought this year has been more serious and should be treated differently.
Spring sowing is generally carried out by live broadcast. When the average daily temperature is stable through 12 °C, it can be planted. It is appropriate to plant in late March (the sowing period test in Weinan County and the trial test in our city), and no later than mid-April. If there is a field block guaranteed by water source, it should be sown on March 20; otherwise, it should be caught in the sunny weather after the rain.
V. Land preparation and sowing specifications:
Excavate the bauxite early, level the land and plant the nest. The specifications are 25 cm in pitch, 33.3 to 40 cm in row spacing, and 6500 to 8000 nests in acre. The soil is slightly thin and the soil is slightly dense. 5 to 6 capsules are planted in the nest, and 5 to 6 kg are used in the acre. After sowing, 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer (or 100 kg of grass ash) are mixed with fine soil cover.
6. Field management
1. Evening and fixed seedlings: After emergence, the seedlings should be checked in time to fill the gaps, and the seedlings should be fixed, and the seedlings should be weak and stay strong.
2. Formula fertilization: seedling stage (20~25 days after sowing), using 205% of BB fertilizer with 35% content or 25kg of soybean special compound fertilizer; flowering and pod-forming period, 100g of borax with water for root spray Shi. Simultaneous cultivating and weeding.
3. Prevention and control of pests, rabbits and rats: 20 days after sowing, killing 10ml with enemy or 150g of omethoate with water to prevent soilworms and caterpillars. At the same time, we must pay attention to prevent the hare from biting tenderness. Acre with insecticidal double 150 ~ 200 grams or 50% methamidophos 100 ~ 150 grams with water spray to control aphids, bean fly. In the later stage, white ash was used to control rodents, and baits were used to trap mice and hares.
Seven, timely harvest:
When the leaves of the beans are yellow and the plants are all broken, 80% of the pods are dark brown, and they are harvested on sunny or cloudy days. Use a quick shovel to cut, thresh, spread, and clean the bag after storage. For example, selling hairy (green) pods can be sold after the drums.
When harvesting, the strain cannot be removed, and the rhizobium is left in the soil. Harvest the leaves (the leaves are the high-quality feed for the pigs), bundle them into small pieces and transport them back to the shelter from the rain, let them cook, turn the sun and thresh. After the harvest, you can seize the favorable opportunity to plant in the fall.
Eight, storage and precautions:
Soybean skin is easy to absorb moisture and moisture. If the temperature is high and the humidity is high during storage, it is easy to lose the germination rate, even the mildew and deterioration, the commodity rate is not high, and the economic benefit is poor. Therefore, it should be placed in a dry bag, ventilated, and low temperature.
Under the condition of water content of 12-14%, the storage height does not exceed 1 m; the stacking height does not exceed 6 bags. If the number of seeds is small, it can be stored in altars. Usually, the bottom of the altar is filled with a small amount of quicklime to absorb moisture, then padded with a sack, and then the dried and cooled seeds are put into the altar. Finally, the altar is sealed with a plastic cloth and placed in a dry and cool place.
When planting, you can't use fertilizer to make fertilizer, especially if you can't use nitrogen fertilizer or superphosphate to mix seeds; don't use thick manure. Do not sow before the rain or in the rain. Adhere to uniform, fixed seedlings, not greedy, to ensure that the individual is well developed. Avoid exposure to cement or "triple soil" or slate floor to avoid breaking the skin to prevent damage to protein structure, affect seed quality (germination rate) and product quality. Wait until it is dry and cool. It should be rotated for planting.
The above is all about the main points of black soybean cultivation technology. Farmers who want to grow this kind of soybeans have to come to Huinong.com!
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