Author: Gan Xiao Cheng Wei Jia Release Date: 2018-07-17
A few days ago, the reporter of the Journal of Chinese Academy of Sciences saw in the key laboratory of the Institute of Bioanalysis of the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Chemistry Institute") that the researchers placed a large sensor with a large fingernail on the nasal cavity of a mouse. The respiratory rate is displayed on the screen.
“We developed this sensor based on graphene-based materials to achieve rapid and high-precision monitoring of changes in respiratory rate in mice,†said Mao Lanqun, a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry. “In the future, this principle of accurate measurement based on respiratory frequency is expected. Further developed into a new method of recording vital signs, hope to be used in the study of some neurophysiology and pathology."
The study was recently published in the German Applied Chemistry.
From invasive to non-invasive
Really and quantitatively reflecting the chemical information in the process of life activities is the goal pursued by researchers in the field of analytical chemistry and its life sciences. It is essential to record the signal changes related to life activities at the level of activities.
In recent years, the laboratory researchers have proposed original research ideas and methods for the key scientific and technical problems in the research of living body analytical chemistry. Based on the principle of electrochemistry, they developed in-situ and in-vivo online analysis methods by regulating electron and ion transfer, realizing accurate detection of multiple molecules in the brain in real time.
"However, we have been focusing on the analysis of neurotransmitters and tempering in vivo," said Mao Lanqun.
As one of the parameters of vital signs, breathing contains a wealth of information related to life activities. Based on this, the team further extended their research on in vivo analytical chemistry to accurate measurement of respiratory rate.
"Accurate measurement of respiratory rate requires high response, in addition to high selectivity, to meet the needs of different research." Mao Lanqun told the Journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
7 millisecond response
After investigating a variety of carbon materials, the researchers found that the new material graphene alkyne developed by the chemical solids laboratory may have a good response to water. Graphene alkyne is composed of an acetylene bond and a benzene ring, and has abundant carbon chemical bonds and a large conjugated system. “The carbon material itself is hydrophobic and can be quickly combined with water molecules after oxidation.†Mao Lanqun introduced, while the alkyne bond of the graphene alkyne makes it more oxidized and binds to water, and the response speed is faster.
The Maolanqun team of researchers oxidized the graphene alkyne material, confirming the above ideas, and they eventually made this principle into a small-sized sensor.
Breathing, together with body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, is considered to be the four major signs of life. Respiratory frequency has been shown to be closely related to mood, cognition, behavior, and physiology. Further experiments were carried out on living animals. The researchers placed a small sensor chip around the mouse's nasal cavity, plus a voltage of 0.5 volts, to achieve accurate recording of respiratory rate.
The experimental results show that the mice in the ischemic state have hundreds of breaths per minute, and the sensor response time is 7 milliseconds with an accuracy of 0.1%. This is one of the fastest sensors reported in the world.
Expected to be applied to neurophysiological research
Scientific research has shown that the development of many brain diseases can cause changes in respiratory frequency. In the view of bioanalytical chemistry researchers, since the respiratory frequency exhibits abnormal activity characteristics and patterns under pathological conditions, the respiratory frequency can be monitored by measuring changes in signals such as currents that reflect respiratory frequencies.
For example, rats have significant changes in respiratory rate during cerebral ischemia. The use of in vivo analytical chemistry by scientists is expected to provide new technologies for the study of cerebral ischemia.
Currently, researchers are working to develop wireless, flexible sensors. They expect that these research results will go out of the laboratory and be used in everyday life.
In the future, the team will also develop biometric recording methods for physiologically active substances, and hope to apply some methods to neurophysiological and pathological research.
《Journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences》 (2018-07-17 4th edition comprehensive)
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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