A few days ago, Professors Xiaoguang Li of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Capital Medical University, Prof. Sun Yi of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, and Professor Yang Chaoyang of Capital Medical University led the team. It took more than 20 years to successfully solve the medical problem of the repair of adult non-human primate spinal cord injury. The team demonstrated for the first time that active biological materials independently developed in China can improve the local microenvironment of injury, promote long-range regeneration of non-human primate rhesus monkey corticospinal tract (CST), and establish functional nerves across the injured area and the host spinal cord. The network thus brought about the recovery of paraplegic limb function. The relevant research results were published in the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences†on May 29.
In China, there are 120,000 new cases of spinal cord injury each year; in the United States, there are 17,000 new cases of spinal cord injury each year. Spinal cord injury usually occurs during young adults, leading to impaired motor and sensory function, neuropathic pain, and rigidity. Adult mammalian spinal cord injury not only destroys the original anatomy of the spinal cord, leading to cell death, but also triggers secondary damage due to inflammation, demyelination, and glial cell proliferation, ultimately resulting in loss of function below the plane of injury.
There is no effective intervention or repair for adult mammalian spinal cord injuries. Over the past few decades, endogenous pluripotent stem cells have been found in the specialized areas of the adult central nervous system. Some progress has been made in the treatment of central nervous system injury and neurodegenerative diseases using endogenous neural stem cells. These endogenous stem cells can be continuously differentiated into neurons that can participate in the formation of a new loop, leading to the recovery of some of the functions after nerve injury. However, these studies are limited to the activation and recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells in the brain.
The research team discovered that in 2015, endogenous neural stem cells in the adult rodent central nervous system can be activated, recruit and migrate to the lesion site to differentiate into mature neurons, and then integrate with the existing neural circuit of the host, resulting in paraplegia. Functional recovery. This neural network relay station theoretically solves the problem of long-distance growth of axons in the central nervous system, and provides a new theoretical basis for the regeneration of the central nervous system.
The research team has for the first time put forward the “individual stem cell incubation theory†in the world. In this doctrine, the researchers looked at the incubation of endogenous stem cells as breeding. The lesions of the brain or spinal cord in the central nervous system are likened to "soil" and are usually filled with various inflammatory and inhibitory factors, edema, and hypoxia. Just like saline-alkaline soils, neural stem cells present in adult mammalian brains and spinal cords are mostly at rest, like "cropping seeds."
The active biomaterials independently researched and developed by the research team can control the release of neurotrophic factors over a long period of time, improve the local microenvironment of the lesion that is considered to be “soilâ€, and activate the “cropping seedâ€, an endogenous neural stem cell, and recruit them to migrate to the lesion site. Differentiating into mature neurons, newborn neurons can form functional neural loops with the host cells that ultimately lead to functional recovery.
The researchers used an active biodegradable material scaffold to induce stable nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury in non-human primate rhesus monkeys, including long-term growth of axons in the corticospinal tract, and long-term stable recovery of sensory and motor function. The researchers used a series of non-invasive detection methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, and kinematic gait analysis to evaluate the effects of the experiment. The latest published scientific research proves that the biomaterial treatment of spinal cord injury has achieved substantial success in the non-human primate spinal cord injury model, providing a solid foundation for its potential application in clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.
"People's Daily" (June 01, 2018, 12th edition)
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