At present, it is the peak period of vegetable replacement in spring stubble greenhouses. Compared with summer vegetable replacement, the vegetable replacement time in the current season is short and the adverse environment is more, so there are more problems after the replacement. Because of continuous planting and a lot of fertilization in successive years, the soil eutrophication in the greenhouse is more serious, and some vegetable farmers purchase fertilizers and improper fertilization methods, resulting in changes in the physical properties of the greenhouse soil, which has an adverse effect on vegetable growth.
To avoid soil eutrophication, plough bottom must be broken
Due to the continuous planting, the tiller was turned over by using machines such as rotary tillers, and the bottom layer of the plow was formed under the 25 cm plough layer. The humus in the bottom of the plough is significantly reduced, the volume is large, the total porosity is small and the pores of the capillaries are poor, resulting in poor soil permeability, poor water permeability, and difficulty in rooting. Due to the existence of the bottom of the plough, the various types of fertilizers applied are mostly concentrated in the soil of the tilled layer of about 20 cm, which makes the cultivated layer of soil eutrophic. Because it is difficult for water to penetrate below the bottom of the plough, and the capillary easily guides the groundwater to carry more minerals, it is easy to cause salinization.
Therefore, when changing the stubble, you can use a machine with a depth of more than 25 cm for deep turning, such as plows, trenchers, deep turning machines, etc., to break the bottom of the plow and make the bottom fertilizer more evenly distributed. The permeability of the soil is good, which is conducive to deep rooting, and at the same time avoids a lot of fertilization to make the surface of the soil eutrophic. When watering, it can carry more nutrients into the deep soil. On the one hand, it guides the roots to grow down, on the other hand, it improves the soil. Permeability.
Abandon the concept of high potassium and high yield, do not rely too much on potash fertilizer
Judging from the soil testing in recent years, the potassium content in the soil is gradually increasing, and the potassium content in some greenhouses has been seriously exceeded, which is very detrimental to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, it is not suitable to use potash fertilizer for the soil that has been found to have excessive potassium content after testing.
Although potassium is good for vegetable fruit expansion, it does not mean that the more potassium fertilizer, the faster the fruit expansion, the higher the output, but it will also seriously reduce the output. Excessive potassium fertilizer seriously affects the movement and absorption of trace elements in the soil, such as calcium and magnesium ions. In most areas, the soil type is mainly calcareous. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, so there is no shortage of calcium and magnesium ions in the soil, but vegetables often have rotten heads, yellow heads, and navels due to calcium and magnesium deficiency. Rot and other situations. This shows that excessive potassium ions in the soil have a greater impact on calcium and magnesium. It is recommended that after the soil testing, if the potassium fertilizer exceeds the standard, the vegetable farmers should not apply potassium fertilizer in large amounts, but should consider how to remove the excess potassium fertilizer in the soil. , Or activate it for root absorption and utilization.
Use soil conditioner carefully to prevent air damage in shed
The soil conditioning agent is mainly steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is an alkaline fertilizer. It has a good improvement effect on acidified soil and can supplement elements such as calcium and magnesium. So, is it possible to use soil conditioner for all shed soil?
the answer is negative. According to the data, the soil pH suitable for vegetable growth is mostly between 6 and 7.5. If the pH is less than 6, alkaline fertilizers need to be adjusted appropriately. Most areas are weakly alkaline calcareous soils, and there is generally no acidification of the soil when growing vegetables. If you continue to use alkaline fertilizers such as steel slag phosphate fertilizer, it will inevitably lead to soil alkalization. If excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in alkaline soil, it is easy to produce a large amount of ammonia gas, causing gas damage.
To prevent burnt vegetables root grooves (holes) to apply manure with caution
When changing crops, the best method of applying base fertilizer is to use the whole shed and turn it over, but many vegetable farmers currently have fertilization methods such as furrow application and hole application. Ditch and hole fertilizers have the advantages of concentrated nutrients and long supply time, but pay attention to the method of fertilization.
First, the location of fertilizer application. Furrow and hole fertilizers must be kept at a certain distance from the root system. Do not use fertilizers directly under the root system. Although nutrients are concentrated, it is not conducive to rooting. Secondly, the fertilizer used for furrow application and hole application should be selected. The manure must be thoroughly rotted to avoid fermentation and rot in the soil to burn out the root system; the commercial organic fertilizer should choose a brand of excellent quality to avoid burning the plants.
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