For most tomato growers in China, tomato virus disease is particularly troublesome because it not only spreads quickly, but also has an incalculable impact on tomato yield. Tomato virus disease is a disease that has occurred in recent years. It has many types of symptoms. It is not easy to find on the one hand, and it is easy to be similar to symptoms such as deficiency and whitefly disease on the other hand. The best period, inaccurate judgment of the symptoms, etc., if the time is found to be late, it will be very troublesome to remediate at that time.
Regarding tomato virus disease, I believe that the friends of the vegetable farmers would like to know these three major points: 1 the type of tomato virus disease and the main symptoms; 2 How is the tomato virus disease that is prone to spread spread? 3 How to effectively prevent tomato virus disease?
1. What are the common types and symptoms of tomato virus disease?
Mosaic virus disease, fern leaf virus disease, yellow top virus disease, leaf curl virus disease, giant bud virus disease, stripe virus disease, curved leaf virus disease, among the above seven tomato virus disease types The highest incidence rate is mosaic type and fern leaf type, and the heavier damage is yellow flower leaf type > mosaic type > fern leaf type is larger than stripe type. Among them, the newly discovered outbreak of violent and devastating yellow leaf lobes virus disease in recent years is incurable and the most serious.
1. Symptoms of mosaic virus disease
The normal growth of the plant is inhibited and the development is slow. The uppermost leaves have dark green, light green or yellow-green plaques, and some of the leaves become transparent. When the condition is serious, the leaves are deformed or narrow, and the top leaves will There is a shrinkage phenomenon, and the plant is dwarfed, the flowers fall, the fruit is small, and the problem is serious.
2. Symptoms of fern leaf virus disease
The growth rate of the plants slowed down, and the uppermost leaves could not be stretched well. They were curled in a narrow line or spiral shape. They showed fern-like leaves from top to bottom, and some leaves showed no mesophyll. After the petals are very large and the results are small, the deformed fruit is more, the plants with heavy disease grow more branches and plants, and the plants are dwarfed.
3. The symptoms of the leaf-type virus disease
The plants are short, with branches and leaves, and it is not easy to sit on the fruit. The leaves appear to have upward curling of the leaf margin (the young leaves will become spherical or spiral deformed) and the yellow veins between the veins.
4. Symptoms of Huangding virus disease
The normal growth of the plants was inhibited, and the branches of the indeterminate branches were clustered. The uppermost leaves of the plants were small and had yellow flower shrinkage.
5. Symptoms of giant bud virus disease
The amount of plant results is significantly reduced or the fruit is conical, and the buds of the uppermost part of the plant and the leaf buds sprout a large number of branches, and the leaves are light and linear.
6. Stripe virus disease
The fruit stems and leaves of the plant may occur. The leaves have brown-brown spots, which will spread from the main vein of the vein to the branch vein and will be necrotic. The vein has strip-shaped lesions. The fruit trees have dark brown lesions, dead spots or deformities. Will cause the plant yellow flowers withered, and even dead trees.
7. Yellow leaf curl virus disease
The symptoms of yellow leaf curl disease are: plant growth retardation, dwarfing of plants, severe flowering and fruit drop after flowering, more deformed fruit, the top of the new leaf becomes smaller, clusters shrink, the color of the leaves will turn green Yellow and small spots on the leaves, the leaves will become thicker, brittle and hard, and the leaves will be curled up. After the onset of seedlings, the dwarfing of the plants is serious. The top leaves and sprouts of the adult plants have the above phenomenon, but The lower leaves and fruits are basically asymptomatic and are basically unaffected.
Second, how is tomato virus disease spread?
Tomato virus disease is mainly transmitted through the use of B. tabaci, B. tabaci, etc. as a medium.
Third, how to effectively prevent tomato virus disease?
1. Preferred high resistant variety
According to research, domestic varieties are less resistant to tomato virus disease, while foreign varieties are more resistant to virus pathogens, especially tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance is more obvious, so it must be strict when selecting plant varieties. Check and choose strong varieties, Swiss Syngenta, Rexwang, Israel, Hazera, Hebei Dongqin, etc. have high resistance to the tomato variety of the virus. In addition, the selection of plots without cruciferous, cucurbitaceae, and Solanaceae crops to cultivate disease-free pests and strong seedlings is also an important way to reduce the occurrence of viral diseases; serious plots can also be carried out with green peppers, zucchini and other crops. Rim planting.
2. Strengthen pest control
Because B. tabaci and B. tabaci are the main vectors of tomato virus pathogens, in the prevention and control of B. tabaci, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control in the early stage, and prevent and control it in a timely and effective manner.
3. Scientific water and fertilizer management
In fertilization, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, timely topdressing according to the needs of different growth stages, and at the same time increase the application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, and control the use of nitrogen fertilizer, increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and root dressing of trace elements in planting; On the water, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and not flooding. It is best to use thin water and watering, and a small number of watering methods. This can cultivate strong seedlings and strong trees, and improve the disease resistance of tomato plants.
4. Scientific drug prevention and treatment
For the time being, there are currently no special effects drugs that can completely cure tomato virus disease in the market. This is also an important reason for the prevention, prevalence and loss of viral diseases. It is recommended to spray the virus inhibitor (such as virus A500, Divine 800, etc.) + gene activator in the early stage of the disease to protect the health of the tomato plant and reduce the incidence of the disease. You are not afraid to test the following formula: use 15 grams of 72% agricultural streptomycin + 20 grams of 20% Jinggangmycin + 10 grams of Qi Nong Su + 50 grams of urea solution + 25 grams of all-purpose zinc + 15 kg of water + appropriate amount of washing powder Solution, or use 75 grams of skim milk powder + 1 piece of medical pipemidic acid + 25 grams of versatile zinc + 15 kilograms of water, or 10 grams of chia + 25 grams of versatile zinc + 15 tablets of medical virus, etc., spray, against the virus Sex has a good effect.
The above is all the contents of today. If the majority of farmers and friends want to achieve stable and high yield of tomato, they must strengthen the prevention and management of viral diseases.
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