First, what is a hybrid chicken The use of local chickens in China and foreign broiler chickens, layers of hybrid production of cross-breeding generation of chicken called hybrid chicken. Judging from the method of seed production, native hybrid chickens can be produced using a two-line hybrid method, or can be produced using a three-line or four-line hybrid method. However, regardless of the method adopted, the appearance characteristics of commercial chickens are basically the same. Judging from the appearance of color, soil miscellaneous chickens can be divided into red feathers, yellow feathers, hemp feathers and black feathers, the color of the feet can be divided into black feet, green feet and yellow feet; if the use of black bones for seed production, but also Produce earthy black bone chickens. As soil hybrid chickens take full advantage of the superior characteristics of China's local varieties and foreign varieties, parental chickens have good egg production performance and can mass-produce commercial chickens in batches. Commercial chickens grow fast and have good meat quality, and are loved by consumers. Has a wide market. The low cost and high selling price of farmer-raised hybrid chickens can achieve the purpose of increasing income. At present, local hybrid chicken breeding has formed a new industry. Second, the main economic types of soil hybrid chicken 1, fast and large: This type of soil miscellaneous chicken because of its high blood composition of broilers, so the growth rate, foot thick, individual large, generally 50 days can reach 2kg, meat quality, It is suitable for the production of cut meat, or for making roasted chicken, with a feed ratio of around 2.2. 2, medium-speed type: The broiler blood composition content is medium, the growth rate is faster than the native breeder chicken and is slower than the fast large-scale chicken, generally 70-90 days old body weight achieves 2kg, the flesh quality is better, suits each kind of eats, the meat ratio At around 2.5. 3, high-quality type: This kind of soil hybrid chicken, broiler blood composition is low or does not contain the broiler blood, the growth rate is slow, the legs are fine, generally 90-100 days old body weight of about 1.8kg, delicious meat, unique flavor, the most affected Consumers are welcome and the meat and meat ratio is within 3%. The above three types of soil hybrid chickens, if used in stocking, can be used to improve meat quality, and the market price is higher. Third, feeding methods The management of mixed chickens is basically the same as that of other chickens. The main technical measures include the following aspects: 1. Brooding: The success or failure of brooding is mainly based on the survival rate, focusing on the following points: 1 Temperature: Chick out After the shells are bought back, the temperature in the first week should be controlled within 34-35°C. From the second week, the temperature should be lowered by 2°C per week until the temperature is released in the sixth week. The method of heat preservation depends on the number of chickens. Chickens are used in cartons and light bulbs. The chicks are placed in a box, a 60-watt light bulb is hung, and a water bottle and a food trough are placed at the same time. The chicken-used brooding room and the indoor coal furnace are used. Such as heating, but the use of iron pipes outside the soot. In order to ensure the accuracy of the temperature, in addition to observing the status of the chicks, the thermometer should be hung and the feces should be removed. 2 Illumination: The first week of brooding requires 24 hours of light to ensure that chicks can eat and drink water day and night, promote growth and development, and then reduce them by 2 hours per week until no lights are turned on at night. Light and heat can be combined to carry out the carton brooding, if the temperature is not enough, you can add boiling water in the container with a cloth, placed in the heating box. 3 Breeding density: 1-14 days old, 50-60 birds/m2, 35-40 birds/m2 15-21 days old, 25 birds/m2 21-44 days old, and 12 birds/m2 after 60 days old. Chickens that have been defrosted can be raised, raised or stocked as long as the density does not exceed the above criteria. 4 Feeding and Drinking Water: The chicks can be fed with water 24 hours after hatching. The brooding material is placed in a bucket to allow them to feed freely, and at the same time, water is placed in the cup. Broilers drink cold water for 20 days, then drink well water or tap water. Due to the low intake of chicks and their high metabolism, in order to prevent nutrient deficiency, the first 10 days must add 8-10% glucose and water-soluble multivitamins to the drinking water. 2. Feeding after de-warming: When the chicks are weighed for 40 days, they can no longer warm, but the temperature cannot be changed too much. Winter and rain, windy weather, room temperature should still be maintained above 15 °C, light for natural lighting, feeding methods are the following: 1 cage raising: the chicken after the deferring temperature is transferred to a chicken cage, its benefits Can make full use of space, chickens do not touch the feces, less incidence, and at the same time easy to catch chickens, reduce the labor strength of the breeder; disadvantage is that the chickens have a longer feeding time, the stress response is greater, the chicken's chest and legs are prone to appear Lesions. 2 flat raising: flat raising can be divided into online flat raising and ground leveling. Online raising is similar to cage raising, but the chicken's activity is increased, so it is not easy to attack, of course, the cost is higher. On the ground, raising is to pad wheat straw, chaff, rapeseed hulls and other litter on the cement floor, and put the chicken on it. The advantage of keeping is that the cost is saved, the chest and legs of the chicken are not easy to produce lesions, and the litter does not need to be replaced because of the large amount of activity of the litter of chickens. The deficiency is that the chicken directly defecates the litter and easily induces certain Some diseases. 3 Restocking: In the morning, the chickens are put outdoors and exposed to the sun to reach the soil. At the same time, some mineral feeds and insects can be found. The chickens are rushed back to feed and feed at noon and night. The advantage of this breeding method is to let the chicken return to nature, the meat quality of the chicken is very good, and the selling price is high. The disadvantage is that the space needed is large, so the scale of the breeding is limited. This method is suitable for small-scale free-range farming. Third, the choice of feed and feeding: Mixed chicken is different from broilers, because its growth rate is slower than broilers, so the standard of feed and the division of the feeding phase is different from broilers. 11-22 days of age: The use of feed at this stage is the same as that of broilers, which can be fed with small broiler feed. The feed nutrition standards are: metabolic energy 2900 kcal/kg, crude protein 21%. 222-44 days of age: Feed medium broiler feed, feed nutrient content: metabolic energy 2950 kcal/kg, crude protein 18%. 344 days after the date of sale until the market, feed large broiler feed, feed nutrient content: metabolic energy 3000 kcal / kg, crude protein 16-17%, some growth speed is slow, long-term feeding quality of high quality soil hybrid chicken, coarse Protein can be reduced to 15%. Regardless of the feed, amino acids should be balanced and the price is moderate. Mixed chickens cannot feed feeds with high levels of crude protein for a long time. Otherwise, they will cause urate deposition and cause dead chickens. All kinds of feed can be freely eaten without limit. China Agricultural Network Editor
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