Scientists and agronomists have investigated and analysed that inoculation of crops with microorganisms can promote the transformation, effectiveness and absorption of soil nutrients. Researchers have focused on the types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant-utilizable forms. Over the past 60 years, the industry for the production and sale of legume inoculants containing soil-fixing bacteria has been established. However, no significant progress has been made in the production of inoculants for other strains of crop production. This article intends to briefly review the mode of action of several promising microorganisms that can increase the absorption and effectiveness of crop nutrients and the production and efficacy of inoculants to illustrate some of the factors that limit the development and adoption of microbial inoculants. The soil environment and the microbial communities that grow in the soil are very complex. The five main microorganisms are: bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. In addition to protozoa, other populations contain beneficial species for crop growth. Some organisms affect the growth of crops through the production of plant growth regulating substances, and some of them can collect essential elements or increase their effectiveness. The various microorganisms that affect the effectiveness of plant nutrients can be divided into several levels according to their degree of intimacy with plants and the degree of regulation by plants: (1) symbiotic, (2) coproducing, and (3) autogenic. Symbiotic microorganisms include Rhizobium, Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi. These microorganisms infest the plants and form special structures in the roots where the photosynthetic products of the plants and the nutrients obtained by the microorganisms are exchanged in a highly tunable process. Rhizobium and leguminous plants, the symbiosis formed by Frankia and certain tree species can reduce the nitrogen in the air to the effective form of the plant. Mycorrhizal symbiosis does not involve biological nitrogen fixation, but it can increase plant uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients. Microorganisms that are symbiotic with plants often infect the surface of roots and are found in the intercellular spaces of the root cortex and inside some cells. Joint organisms do not form special structures to accommodate the communities. Even if they have the advantage of invading the root system, they still have to compete with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere for carbon. Azospirillum is a well-known combined type of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that are found in important gramineous crops such as wheat, millet, rice, corn and sugar cane. Bacteria (blue-green algae) and soil bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria are representatives of autotrophic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. They can perform biological nitrogen fixation without plant intervention. In soil, the ability of autotrophic organisms to fix nitrogen is only equivalent to a small part of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Their fixed nitrogen can only be released after cell death. Therefore, in fact they are green manure in situ. In addition to legume rhizobia, the use of other microbial inoculants to improve crop nutrition has not been widely used. People should conduct serious biological and economic analysis before using microbial inoculants as substitutes or supplements for fertilizers. China Agricultural Network Editor
laparoscopic co2 insufflator, co2 Insufflation machine, co2 insufflator use, Co2 insufflator for endoscopy
Ningbo Yaoming Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.yaominmed.com