In the modern pig industry, sow reproductive performance is one of the important indicators to measure the economic benefits of pig production. Generally speaking, the index of the turnover rate of 2 to 2.5 births for each sow and the production of 18 to 22.5 weaned piglets per year is satisfactory. However, as the number of sows increases, the sows have changed in terms of nutritional needs and diseases, and sow reproductive traits (number of litters, litter size, birth weight, conception rate, weak, number of weaned, weaned Both body weight and the survival rate of piglets are affected to varying degrees, so it is necessary to carry out separate breeding on sows.
First, feed nutrition
1, amino acid
There is a significant difference between the first-born sow and the second-higher sow because the first-time sow requires a higher lysine level than the second-row sow.
2, trace elements and vitamins
Most sows are fed during gestation, so that the sow’s feed intake is kept roughly constant for each pass in order to limit the growth of the sow. This feeding method may not be sufficient for vitamins and trace minerals. demand. As the sow’s body weight increases with age, the sow’s weight per kilogram of body weight is lower in each sow than in the previous period. In order to meet the needs of the newly added tissue, the sow’s actual amount needs to follow the weight. Increased and increased, sows in each subsequent pregnancy repeat the need for increased volume and insufficient supply. Therefore, in terms of sow breeding and immunization needs, the older the sow and the heavier the sow, the more susceptible it is to malnutrition.
3, energy
For energy requirements for sows of different parity times, the heavier the mating weight, the more energy the pregnant sow needs. In the production practice, the dietary energy of pregnant sows only needs to meet the minimum weight gain, body movement and fetal weight gain, and it does not need to supply more energy. If the energy level is too high, body fat is deposited in a large amount, reproductive function is reduced, and often occurs. Stillbirth, fetal uptake, or weaker.
Second, disease control
In sub-primary production technology, the carrying capacity of pathogenic microorganisms of sows in sows with more than one second can be drastically reduced, and the first-born sows with high immunity and no bacteria (bacteria) are continuously introduced in sow farms with more than two children. Certain pathogenic microorganisms in second-stage sow farms can eventually be eliminated, so that the introduction of first-born sows to two or more sows in the sow farm may not require strict isolation, and only simple biological safety measures in breeding areas are required. enough. The weaned pigs produced by the second-time sub-production system can directly enter the nursery area and the growing/finishing area as they are. Due to the low antibody level of the first-parity sow, the passive immunity obtained by the piglets from breast-milk is also relatively low, resulting in the first-born sows. More pathogenic microorganisms will be passed from the sows to the newborn piglets in the farm. If the piglets are not segregated from the piglets of the two or more sows, the piglets will cross-infect and the diarrhea rate of the piglets will increase.
Third, feeding and management
1, effective control of sows
With the increase of parity, the thickness of backfat during the breeding of sows showed a downward trend, and the sow of second parity had the most obvious decline. During production, we must grasp the nutritional needs of sows of different parity levels, physiological stages, and body condition. We must pay attention to the adjustment of the situation during pregnancy, strengthen the postpartum care of sows during lactation, and adopt short-term optimal feeding after weaning. Individualized and fine-breeding should be done so that the sows have better body condition when they are mated, thus shortening the interval from weaning to breeding and improving the economic efficiency of the pig farm.
2, to prevent death of piglets
Piglet deaths are concentrated in stillbirths, crushed deaths, low viability, or hunger, and most types of deaths increase with parity. Older sows have more stillbirths, which may be due to weakness in the uterus and prolonged labor. Deaths from live piglets, regardless of cause, also increase with parity. Crushing especially increases with the number of births. As sows grow older and older, their mobility and response to squeaking of squeezing piglets is likely to decrease, and the incidence of suffocation increases. If the parity sows are placed in the same unit and the nurses with strong sense of responsibility and working experience are cared for nursing sows and piglets, the number of healthy suckling piglets that are killed by pressure can be greatly reduced.
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