Reasons for late sowing of wheat: There are two types of causes for late sowing of wheat: First, due to the maturity of late crops and late harvesting, delayed sowing can be achieved without gargle, thus forming late sowing wheat. Second, due to lack of rain and other rain sowing or too much rainfall had to delay the sowing date and form late sowing wheat.
The fertility characteristics of late-seeding wheat: Before winter, the wheat seedlings grow slowly, the roots are weak, they are not robust, they have few tillers, and their ability to withstand low temperatures is poor. The wheat planted from the end of October to the beginning of November has only one leaf in most years and is also known as “a needleâ€. In mid-to late November, the wheat planted in late October generally cannot grow.
The growth and development process in spring is fast, the spike rate of the main stem is high, the seed setting rate is high, the total number of leaves is 1-2, and the biological yield is low. As the maturity of late-seeding wheat is delayed by about 3 days compared to the sown wheat in the appropriate period, some years are vulnerable to dry hot wind during the grain filling period, reducing the 1000-grain weight.
The growth period is shortened, and late planting is not late.
Late-seeding wheat field supporting management measures: 1. Increase fertilization material, supplemented with fertilizer. It is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer applied to late-seeding wheat to supplement the deficiency of effective nutrients in the soil, and promote more than one tiller and more spikes of wheat into large spikes and create high yields. It should be noted that, in areas where the soil is severely deficient in phosphorus, the application of phosphate fertilizers has a significant effect on promoting root development and increasing dry matter accumulation and early maturation. Therefore, formula fertilization is critical. The method of fertilizing wheat in late sowing should adhere to the principles of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the supplements and fertilization. The average yield of 350-500 kilograms of late sowing wheat can be applied to 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, and 40-50 kg of superphosphate.
2. Choose a good seed to make up late. Practice has shown that late sowing of wheat planting semi-wintering varieties, the stage of development process is faster, the shorter the time of vegetative growth, grouting intensity increased, easy to achieve large ear, grain, grain weight, early maturing and high yield purposes.
3. Increase the seeding rate to cover late. The late-seeding wheat tillers were significantly reduced, and the use of conventional seeding volume will inevitably result in a shortage of panicles and affect yield. Therefore, increasing the seeding rate and relying on the spikes of the main stem is the key to increasing the yield of late sowing wheat. Care should be taken to determine the appropriate seeding rate based on the tillering characteristics of the sowing date and variety. Localities have some experience in increasing the seeding rate of late-seeding wheat.
4. Improve the sowing quality of the site preparation so as to make up for the night. (1) Early Teng, early sowing when grab. It is necessary to try to achieve early unloading, early preparation, early sowing, and speed up the planting schedule to reduce the loss of accumulated temperature without affecting the yield of autumn crops. (2) Fine soil preparation and planting. After the harvest of the former crop, we must pay close attention to the time and plough them thoroughly, fine-leveling and arranging the plots. The plots should be filled with water for the lack of lyrics, and the foot hoe should be built to make the soil heavy and free from obscurity. The suitable soil moisture for late planting of wheat is 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity. It is best to water the planting crops before the harvest of the former crops and cultivate the crops in time till the crops are harvested. The crops can also be harvested and cultivated in time. . (3) Fine sowing, appropriate shallow sowing. Under the premise of sufficient athlete's foot, proper shallow sowing is an effective measure to make full use of the accumulated temperature in the early stage, reduce the nutrient consumption of seeds, and achieve early emergence, multiple rooting, early growth, and early tillering. Generally, the sowing depth should be 3 to 4 cm. (4) soaking germination. To ensure early emergence of late barley and adequate moisture seedlings, use soaking in warm water at 20°C to 30°C for 5-6 hours before sowing, and remove and dry to sow for 2 to 3 days. Or soak the wheat seeds with warm water of 20°C～25°C for 1 day and night before sowing, and then remove the seeds after they have enough water and pile them into 30-cm-thick seed piles, and turn them several times a day. , Spread out to dry sowing, than sowing dry seed early emergence of 5 to 7 days.
5. Scientific management, and promote the emergence of more seedlings into the ear. (1) Repression and slashing to promote seedling growth. The key to promoting the early and long-term growth of wheat in the green period is to increase the temperature. The key to management is suppression and plucking, which has a significant effect on warming and protecting the roots, promoting root development, cultivating strong seedlings, and increasing tillering. (2) Grasp the management of fertilizer and water during the period of starting or jointing. In general, late-seeding wheat field is suitable for the top-dressing period; the wheat field with high ground fertility, adequate basic fertilizer, and relatively prosperous wheat seedlings can be postponed to the jointing stage or post-jointing stage; the late-seeding group with insufficient population should be top-dressed in the late-green period. Watering to promote the growth of tiller in spring. (3) Strengthen late management Booting stage is the critical period of wheat water requirement. Watering has a significant effect on flower growth, and should be watered according to soil moisture during the booting stage or flowering stage to ensure that the soil moisture is the field water holding capacity of 75 %about. Late buckwheat should be filled with grouting water in order to increase the duration of photosynthetic high value, and to resist the harm of dry hot wind and increase the grain weight. In addition, attention should be paid to the control of wheat rust, powdery mildew and aphids.
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