First, the harm symptoms
Mainly for the spleen, usually only a few grains on one ear. It is difficult to detect before heading and it is difficult to identify. When the diseased ear was just extracted, it was not easy to find out that there were ovary walls outside the spore stack and glumes cover. The ear is short and erect and most or all of the ovary is replaced by teliospores. When the spores mature, they all turn black and show symptoms. The diseased grains are more robust and the grains are slightly larger or equal. The glume was broken and the wall of the ovary ruptured and black powder was emitted, which was the pathogenic teliospores.
Disease morphological characteristics
Second, the pathogen is black powder fungus, belong to Basidiomycotina fungus. The fungus spores can be produced in various parts of the host, many in the ovary, powdery after maturity, and some are cemented, dark brown to brown. Most of the spikelets were destroyed as black powder, and the glume and ovary walls were gradually white. Spores are spherical to ovoid, with a size of 2 to 4 mm. The teliosporn red-brown to olive-brown, spherical or nearly spherical to polygonal, the surface is smooth, size 7-12 microns. The bacterium can germinate without sleeping in the body. When germinating, the first mycelium is produced and no basidiospores are produced. Germination temperature 20 °C ~ 25 °C.
Third, the law of occurrence
The disease is a systemic disease that is infected by buds. Winter spores adhere to the seed surface and become the source of infestation early in the year. When the seeds germinate, the bacteria's double-nuclear hyphae mainly invade from the coleoptile of the seedlings, and expands to the growing point. It expands with the development of the host, and finally invades the panicle, destroys the ovary, and turns the grain on the diseased ear into black powder.
Fourth, control methods
(1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Zhang Zaigu No. 8, Daytona No. 1, Golden Valley and so on.
(2) Strictly select seeds, remove sick ears and destroy them.
(3) Chemical control. Use 40% seed dressing, double powder, seed size 0.2%～0.3%, seed dressing or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP, 15% triazolone, 75% Welfare double WP can be seeded with 0.2% seed, which is very effective.
Mainly for the spleen, usually only a few grains on one ear. It is difficult to detect before heading and it is difficult to identify. When the diseased ear was just extracted, it was not easy to find out that there were ovary walls outside the spore stack and glumes cover. The ear is short and erect and most or all of the ovary is replaced by teliospores. When the spores mature, they all turn black and show symptoms. The diseased grains are more robust and the grains are slightly larger or equal. The glume was broken and the wall of the ovary ruptured and black powder was emitted, which was the pathogenic teliospores.
Disease morphological characteristics
Second, the pathogen is black powder fungus, belong to Basidiomycotina fungus. The fungus spores can be produced in various parts of the host, many in the ovary, powdery after maturity, and some are cemented, dark brown to brown. Most of the spikelets were destroyed as black powder, and the glume and ovary walls were gradually white. Spores are spherical to ovoid, with a size of 2 to 4 mm. The teliosporn red-brown to olive-brown, spherical or nearly spherical to polygonal, the surface is smooth, size 7-12 microns. The bacterium can germinate without sleeping in the body. When germinating, the first mycelium is produced and no basidiospores are produced. Germination temperature 20 °C ~ 25 °C.
Third, the law of occurrence
The disease is a systemic disease that is infected by buds. Winter spores adhere to the seed surface and become the source of infestation early in the year. When the seeds germinate, the bacteria's double-nuclear hyphae mainly invade from the coleoptile of the seedlings, and expands to the growing point. It expands with the development of the host, and finally invades the panicle, destroys the ovary, and turns the grain on the diseased ear into black powder.
Fourth, control methods
(1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Zhang Zaigu No. 8, Daytona No. 1, Golden Valley and so on.
(2) Strictly select seeds, remove sick ears and destroy them.
(3) Chemical control. Use 40% seed dressing, double powder, seed size 0.2%～0.3%, seed dressing or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP, 15% triazolone, 75% Welfare double WP can be seeded with 0.2% seed, which is very effective.
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