Release date: 2014-09-25
The spread of cancer cells is the chief culprit in the death of most cancer patients. Currently, medical workers usually inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells through chemotherapy, but the effects of chemotherapy itself are limited and have strong side effects. A research report released recently may help cancer patients to reduce chemotherapy in the future.
The research team at Stanford University in the United States has developed a protein therapy that disrupts the process of cancer cell separation from tumors and prevents cancer cells from spreading through the bloodstream. "Nature? Chemical Biology" magazine published the results of Jennifer Cochran, an associate professor of bioengineering at Stanford University, and his team.
The process of many biological activities depends on the interaction between proteins, and the "molecular switch" between proteins ensures the operation of various specific activities. Of course, cancer cells are no exception. The team found a way to inhibit the spread of cancer cells through the synergy of two proteins, Axl and Gas6.
Axl proteins are distributed like hair to the surface of cancer cells, waiting to receive biochemical signals from the Gas6 protein. When Gas6 and Axl proteins are joined together, the resulting signal will cause the cancer cells to detach from the tumor tissue and spread to other parts of the body through circulating circulation in the body to form a new tumor tissue called a metastatic nodule.
According to a physicist's organization network reported on September 21, in order to stop this process, the research team used genetic manipulation technology to create millions of DNA sequences containing different Axl variants, and nearly 10 million of them Axl variants. Efficient screening was performed to identify variants that closely bind Gas6. After the selected Axl variants were adjusted experimentally, the binding rate with Gas6 was further improved, and the preservation time of the variants in the blood was prolonged, so that the combination of the two was difficult to reverse, and the artificial "directed evolution" was harmless. The Axl protein "bait". The bait protein has higher attraction ability to Gas6 than the natural Axl protein, and fully utilizes the affinity between proteins, and can preempt the cancer cell's Gas6 protein, thereby inhibiting the spread of cancer cells.
The team also collaborated with Professor Amato Garcia, head of the Stanford Cancer Center's Radiation Biology Program, to test the protein bait into the veins of experimental mice with invasive breast and ovarian cancer. As a result, it was found that the metastatic nodules of cancer cells produced in mice injected with protein baits were reduced by 78% and 90%, respectively, compared with the control group.
Garcia believes that this currently seemingly non-side-effecting and effective approach will have broad prospects in the future and may open up a whole new way to overcome cancer.
The researchers said that this is currently only a promising preliminary result. In the next step, animal experiments are needed to obtain approval from the relevant departments for human clinical trials, and finally verify whether the method is effective for the human body. In the future, bio-processes will be required to manufacture high-purity Axl bait materials that can be used in clinical trials, so that this technology can be put into practical use.
Source: Science and Technology Daily
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