Our province is a major province of vegetable production and sales. Due to the large area and varieties of vegetables, the types of diseases are complex and numerous. In the prevention and control services, the relative lack of professionals, resulting in a number of vegetable garden hardware on the grade, and the service of the software did not keep up. Summarizing the experience of vegetable disease prevention and control in recent years, it has been found that the diagnosis and prevention of diseases have the following characteristics:
First, the disease is easy to diagnose and cure. Example: According to a vegetable farmer in Lucheng County, tomatoes are not well-colored. From the outside, the black-outs are suddenly seen, and the black cuts are black inside. The vendors are not willing to buy. Ask this is how is it?
Diagnosis: The blackberry fruit that occurs is caused by malnutrition, which is easy to occur when the light is weak. The method of prevention is to increase the photosynthetic energy by spraying in the winter, such as Bi-Yuan, Li-jia-An, and Noon-Lun, etc., to maintain a good root system. Fruit spray 1% sugar liquid +6000 times love to receive more than 2-3 times.
This disease cuts tomato fruit horizontally, causing a bit of browning and is easily diagnosed. The diseased fruit can only be removed, but the rest of the fruit will continue to develop. Prevention and control can only be prevention, so it is easy to be diagnosed and refractory.
Second, the disease is difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat. There is a malformed fruit on the tomato, its grain valgus, commonly known as turning fruit. The cause of turning flowers is more complicated. One of the reasons is that the 1-3 panicles turn fruit and fruit, and the cause may be the low night temperature during flower bud differentiation. If the night temperature is lower than 8°C during the nursery period, poor flower bud differentiation can be induced and turning fruit will appear in the future. The second situation is that fruit turning occurs in 4 spikes and above. The cause of this is usually spent too late. The flower buds that were opened on that day had formed a stalemate early, but it was easy to produce cracks late. The third situation is related to calcium deficiency during flowering and fruiting.
Control methods: Increase the maturity of farmyard manure and phosphorus and potash fertilizers, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, maintain suitable temperature during the seedling period, 25 °C -30 °C during the day and 15 °C -18 °C during the night. Spraying calcium fertilizer during flowering and fruiting.
The cause of this disease is many and it is difficult to diagnose. If it is the flower buds caused by the low night temperature during the flower bud differentiation period, there is basically no cure.
The third is the ease of diagnosis. Example: Two tomato growers in Du Village, Gaocheng City, began planting tomatoes in February with a long-standing unhealthy disease. The first vegetable farmer diagnosed that the herbicide damage caused tomato leaflets and wrinkled leaves, and the growing point was gone or not. However, herbicides were not applied to adjacent wheat fields in February, and drifting phytotoxicity should be excluded. The second diagnosis of farmer was viral disease, but the leaflets had no mosaic leaves or yellow leaves. The temperature in winter greenhouses was low and the humidity was high. It is not a suitable environment for the prevalence of viral diseases. What is the cause of the illness? When I entered the greenhouse in early April, the plants were dark in color and stiff in the parietal lobes. I asked the farmer that the diseased plants started from individual strains and spread to neighboring strains. The diagnosis is not a disease and a phytotoxicity, but it is a cause of tea. After symptomatic treatment, the plants returned to normal. This example fully illustrates the importance of correct diagnosis.
In addition, many vegetable farmers rely solely on pharmaceuticals for disease prevention and control. Actually, adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures can often achieve a multiplier effect.
The first is to prevent and treat diseases starting from fertilization. The occurrence of vegetable diseases is directly related to the disease resistance of vegetables. However, at present, many vegetables are planted in "salt jars". The fertilizers put by farmers are seriously excessive, and the problem of soil salinization is very common and the resistance of vegetables is reduced. This year, we conducted trials of amino acid biofungi fertilizers across the province. As a result, the soil structure was improved and the disease was significantly reduced compared with the control. Biological pesticides and biological bacterial fertilizers are being adopted by more and more vegetable farmers and become new ways and methods to solve the diseases of vegetables.
The second is cleaner production and reduction of bacteria sources. In the production, when a disease occurs, one side of the disease is often used, and the condition continues to develop. The main reason is that the farmers discard the diseased leaves and the diseased fruits arbitrarily outside the shed, and the pathogens on the diseased bodies pass through the air currents, rain, and human feet. It was passed back to the shed. Special mention should be made to the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease. When a family member becomes ill, if the diseased body is not disposed of and is disposed of outside the shed, no more than three years will occur. The host vegetables in the entire shed area will develop disease.
The third is scientific management. Management includes the deployment of temperature and humidity, the arrangement of watering, the method and period of pruning, and the issue of rational drug use. In the vegetable production in our province, the cold and even cloudy days during the winter are the management difficulties. Although some low-temperature-tolerant vegetable varieties have been researched at present, equipment for warming and brightening has been developed and used. However, it should be noted that vegetables often die during continuous cloudy days. seedling". In addition, emphasis on non-pruning during cloudy days can prevent the occurrence of bacterial diseases and gray mold.
Rational use of pesticides, vegetable farmers must first use the temperature and humidity control to control the conditions and the environment suitable for disease, and then use preventive substances to inhibit the incidence. Such as chitin, green wind 95, high-fat membrane, etc., spray on the plant can form a protective film, without germs. Sweet and sour liquid is also an effective substance to prevent diseases.
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