With the development of genetic breeding, the production performance of laying hens, such as growth rate and egg production, has been gradually improved, and the corresponding feeding conditions have also been increasing. With the continuous expansion of intensive production scale, the control of the chicken shed has become very important. .
The importance of various indicators in the control of small environments
The importance of temperature. The temperature of laying hen house is generally maintained at 13°C-23°C, winter is not less than 8°C, summer maximum should not exceed 28°C, exceeding the upper limit will obviously affect the egg production. Temperature factors can affect egg production. If a sudden change can cause stress response in laying hens, not only will the performance of laying eggs decline, but also the normal immune mechanisms will be destroyed and the resistance to disease will be reduced. For breeders, low temperatures inhibit rooster testicular growth and also prolong sperm production time in adult cocks. The continuous high temperature will cause the testicular temperature to rise, degeneration of the reproductive epithelium, abnormal sperm, so that the quality of semen is significantly reduced. In order to control the temperature, it is possible to heat the lower-cost ground furnace in the winter and a negative-pressure vertical ventilation system in the summer to regulate the temperature of the body. In the hot season, wet curtain/fan cooling system can be considered.
The importance of humidity. In general, the relative humidity in the house should not be less than 40% nor more than 70%. Under high temperature conditions, chickens will be exposed to heat and difficulty in breathing. The equipment in the house will be wet and faeces will be stinking. It will also facilitate the development of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and parasites. Low temperatures increase the heat dissipation of the house and exacerbate the cold effect. This not only affects the egg production, but also easily induces various diseases. The low humidity condition mainly weakens the defensive ability of the chicken skin and leakage mucosa to the microorganisms. In combination with low humidity, dust and feather debris in the chicken house can easily fly around and cause respiratory diseases. It is also beneficial to Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum and With lipoprotein envelope virus survival.
The importance of ventilation. Oxygen deficiency in chicken houses reduces the appetite of chickens, resulting in insufficient nutrition in the body, impeded growth and development of chicks, and decreased egg production in adult chickens. In order to obtain excellent egg production performance, proper temperature and humidity must be maintained. Ventilation promotes heat dissipation on the one hand; secondly, a certain airflow speed can reduce the excessive temperature in the house and eliminate carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. When the carbon dioxide concentration is too high, the chicken will be deprived of oxygen and become unconscious. Fecal fermentation will decompose large amounts of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The harmful gas in the house cannot be too high. Excessive egg production will not only reduce the egg production, but it will also cause chicken conjunctivitis and bronchitis, making it easier for bacteria and viruses to invade. The house contains a lot of moisture and dust. The pathogenic microorganisms attach to it and survive. These pathogenic microorganisms are inhaled into the respiratory tract by the chicken and cause many diseases. Too much dust can also stimulate the inflammation of the respiratory tract. Therefore, pathogenic microorganisms and dust should be reduced. The airflow rate in winter houses is preferably 0.1 m - 0.2 m/s, and should not exceed 0.3 m/s. Ventilation should not be stopped for simple heat preservation, and the air flow rate in the house should be maintained at about 0.5 m/s in the summer and 1 m to 1.5 m/s in the hot season.
The relationship between various indicators
In small-environmental control, the effects of various factors on the health and production performance of chickens are integrated, and the factors are either mutually reinforcing or mutually restrictive. Therefore, we must carry out comprehensive management to control the environment of the chicken house.
Temperature and ventilation. When the chicken house temperature is higher than the normal temperature, the role of ventilation is to adjust the body temperature of the birds by the airflow speed, and increase the ventilation rate as the outside temperature increases. However, when the interior temperature is higher than 28°C, the wet curtain cooling system must be turned on while increasing ventilation. The airflow cooled by the wet curtain can reduce the temperature of the house by 4°C-8°C. When the broiler house temperature is low, the purpose of the ventilation is to change the fresh air. At this time, it is necessary to keep warm and ventilate. To solve this problem, automatic ventilation equipment can be used. The device can give a proper amount of ventilation under the premise of monitoring the temperature. While taking into account the insulation, it can be timely ventilation, so that the chickens get a more comfortable feeling.
The relationship between ventilation and humidity. In the summer when the temperature is high, the ventilation should be increased to reduce the temperature. At the same time, the greater airflow speed takes away excess moisture, so the relative humidity in the house is generally more appropriate. In the cold season, in order to heat, the broiler house uses a ground furnace, and a small amount of ventilation, so that the humidity of the sheds is relatively small, it is easy to induce respiratory diseases. In this regard, by spraying water on the ground and installing a small water tank on the hearth furnace head, the water in the water tank boils and the water vapor enters the house, so that the humidity inside the house is better.
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