Tomato Botrytis cinerea is a widespread disease of the host, most greenhouse vegetables will be infected with the disease, except for tomatoes, the more serious victims are cucumber, zucchini, pepper, eggplant and so on. Not only can vegetables be susceptible to disease, even fruit trees in greenhouses are also affected, such as grapes and peaches. Botrytis cinerea mainly occurs in greenhouses. Tomatoes in exposed fields suffer less, but in the north, some years also occur severely.
In tomato, gray mold mainly attacks flower organs and fruits and also damages leaves and stems. It is the most serious fruit disease in tomatoes in greenhouses. Among the fruits of victimization, the most serious victims are green fruits. The incidence of fruit always starts with the stigma and petals that remain on the green fruit and then spreads to the fruit or fruit pods, causing soft rot. The disease minister produces a large number of gray mold layers, which are conidial stems of gray mold. And conidia. Floral organs are always sick, always starting with the ends of petals and calyx, causing buds and flowers to decay. When the leaves are sick, they start from the tip of the leaf and the lesions expand inwards with a "V" shape. There is a concentric ring pattern in the lesions. In the later period, when the humidity is high, all the affected areas will grow a layer of gray mold.
There are many kinds of overwintering potential forms of gray mold, both mycelium block in the soil, but also mycelium and conidia attached to the sick body. When conditions are right, conidia are produced by airflow, rain, and agricultural operations. Bacteria are a kind of weak parasites. They can't invade from healthy parts. They infect from the wounds of the host, dead organs that are aging, such as petals, flower buds, stigmas, and tips of flower organs. The others are spread by people. The important way. The pathogenic bacteria infested by the dead flower tissue quickly spread to the fruit, causing the disease. After the onset of disease, a large amount of pathogenic spores were generated on the surface of the diseased tissue and re-infection was repeated. Flowering and young fruit is the main period of disease infestation. If the humidity is too high at this time, the number of diseased flowers will increase sharply, which is the peak period of rotten fruit.
The optimum temperature for the growth of pathogenic bacteria is 20-23°C, and the lower temperature is more suitable for germination of pathogenic spores. Humidity is a key factor in the prevalence of diseases. Diseases can only spread rapidly when the air humidity is above 90%.
In addition to environmental conditions, the occurrence of gray mold is also related to the physiological conditions of tomatoes. When the tomato is extremely debilitating, or the tissue is injured or frozen, the air humidity is above 94% and the temperature is appropriate, which may cause the occurrence of gray mold.
In the case of open-to-ground tomatoes, when the weather was cold and rainy in the early summer, the plants grew slowly and the disease resistance was poor. Botrytis cinerea often occurred.
In the greenhouse tomato, a large number of flowering and fruiting, leading to the reduction of disease resistance of plants, if you encounter cloudy days at this time, can not ventilate and ventilate, nocturnal foliage water, daytime temperature is low, gray mold can be Great happening.
In open field tomatoes, spraying should be prevented and treated immediately at the beginning of the disease. The agents used are: 50% quick-acting WP 800 times, 50% acetaminophen WP 1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times, 50% polymyxin wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% of ethylene nucleus and 600 times liquid, etc., spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 3-4 times. Because the gray mold is very easy to produce drug resistance, it should be noted that: a pesticide can not be used together, should be used alternately with a variety of pesticides, it is best to use two different types of pesticides, for example: acetaminophen 2000 times mixed liquid Thiophanate 1000 times and so on.
In greenhouses, all necessary measures should be taken to reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse, reduce the time for condensation, increase the temperature, and create a condition that is not conducive to the occurrence of disease.
When adding flowers, the addition of 0.1% of quick-drying to the flowering agent can prevent the occurrence of gray mold.
After onset, diseased flowers, diseased fruits and diseased leaves should be removed in a timely manner, brought out of the shed, and disposed of in a centralized manner. Do not casually store the diseased fruit outside the shed or near the shed.
After the onset of disease in the field, the pesticide should be applied immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition to the use of the above-mentioned agents, conditional use of a 350-kilogram smoked canopy of 10% quick-inking aerosol per acre is recommended.
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