Cardiovascular disease is the world's largest death factor, and the number of deaths in China has increased year by year. Related drugs have long been used in high-risk groups with good results. Surgery and medical devices are still the only option for some critically ill patients. The author specially invited the team of Minsheng Medicine Wu Hanjun to analyze the technical and industrial research progress of vascular stents.
Cardiovascular disease - the most controlled death factor
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a disease associated with the heart or blood vessels. Usually includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease/stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatism/rheumatoid heart disease, congenital heart disease, aneurysm, cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and peripheral nerve endings Arterial vascular disease, etc.
CVD is the world's number one health killer. According to WHO estimates, CVD has become the world's number one cause of death, with more people dying from cardiovascular disease each year than any other disease/accident. The WHO estimates that 17.5 million people died of cardiovascular disease in 2012, accounting for 31% of global deaths, of which 7.4 million died of coronary heart disease and 6.7 million died of stroke. In particular, up to 37% of the 16 million deaths caused by non-communicable diseases caused by non-communicable diseases are caused by cardiovascular disease.
figure 1. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the first major cause of death in China's cities
figure 2. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality continues to rise (example / 100,000 people)
The cause of heart attacks and strokes is often caused by multiple risk factors. Common risk factors include: smoking/secondhand smoke hazards, unhealthy diet/obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Most of these factors can be prevented, but CVD is one of the most unnecessary death factors due to the pace of modern life and long-term management difficulties. According to the study, the annual economic loss caused by cardiovascular disease in Europe by 2020 will reach 162 billion US dollars. In Beijing, for example, the total life lost of cardiovascular disease is estimated to be 317,812.67 person-years, that is, 23.99 person-years of life lost per 1,000 people, which seriously affects the health of residents and the public health resources that are always in short supply. .
Long-term application of medical treatment, continuous improvement of surgical instruments
At present, cardiovascular diseases mainly rely on drug treatment, and patients are generally accustomed to the relevant chronic disease management process. The pharmaceutical manufacturers have high returns, innovative drugs are constantly appearing, and the effects of existing drugs have been clinically proven for many years. In particular, aspirin, in addition to analgesia, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, long-term low-dose can prevent heart disease, stroke and blood clots, delaying the progression of cardiovascular disease. At the same time, the production process of aspirin tablets is mature and the price is low. It has become a commonly used drug widely used in third world countries, with annual global consumption exceeding 40,000 tons.
Table 1. Some cardiovascular diseases
Processing high-throughput samples, intelligent reuse for large-capacity publishing, work surface: 200cm, 8 sample injection needles, 12 temperature-controlled incubation positions, 12 room temperature incubation positions, 32 plate storage positions, Sunrise microplate reader, HydroFlex plate washer, up to 512 specimens, sequential loading of samples, reagents, microplates Parallel loading of up to 6 plates for fast dispensing.
The automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer is based on the principle that the enzyme and the substrate can produce a color reaction, the absorption lines of different substances have different characteristics, and strictly abide by the Lambert-Beer law, quantitative and qualitative analysis of substances. instrument. The method of analyzing the content of various enzymes such as antigen or antibody generally mainly adopts colorimetric method. In practice, spectrophotometry is the basic working principle of an automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer. The light emitted by the light source lamp becomes a beam of monochromatic light after passing through a filter or a monochromator. The monochromatic light beam passes through the sample to be tested in the microtiter plate, and part of the monochromatic light beam is absorbed by the sample and reaches the photodetector. The intensity of the light signal projected on it is converted into the magnitude of the electrical signal by the photodetector. This electrical signal is processed by pre-amplification, logarithmic amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, etc., and then sent to the microprocessor for data processing and calculation, and the test results are output by the display and printer. The microprocessor completes the movement in the X and Y directions of the mechanical drive through the control circuit.
The automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer adds the sample to the microwells of the pre-coated antigen or antibody microtiter plate, washes after the reaction, removes the unseparated ligand, then adds the enzyme isolate, after incubation, washes again , remove the unseparated compound, and then add the enzyme substrate, after the reaction, the colored final product is formed, and the stop solution is added to stop the reaction. The absorbance of each microwell of the microtiter plate is read by the wavelength that has been set by the spectrophotometer. The concentration value of the analyte in the sample is calculated by the absorbance value of the sample and the standard curve, so that the quantitative result can be obtained, or the absorbance of the sample is compared with that of the standard product, so that the positive or negative qualitative result can be obtained.
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