Chickens of different ages have the most suitable warm environment. Under this environmental condition, the chicken's physiological function and production performance are in the best condition, the feed utilization is high, the feeding cost is low, and the breeding effect is good. Therefore, the warm environment directly affects the body's temperature regulation, energy metabolism, feed utilization, and thus affects economic efficiency.
Effect on feed intake
The feed intake of chickens is directly affected at different ambient temperatures. It maintains a constant body temperature by adjusting feed intake, and the need to maintain energy needs to increase or decrease with changes in temperature. With increasing temperature, feed intake will be significantly reduced. Because their energy needs are affected by the ambient temperature, there is a significant difference in the energy metabolism of the same diet but at different temperature conditions. Regardless of the level of nutrition, the energy is negative balance.
Effect on feed utilization
Excessively high and low temperature environment also affects the feed efficiency of chickens. Temperature is lower than the critical temperature, chicken metabolic rate increases, feed intake increased, feed utilization but decreased, because the low temperature tends to speed up the gastrointestinal motility, feed in the intestinal retention time shortened, affecting the chicken's digestion and absorption. On the contrary, the temperature rises, the chickens maintain low energy, feed intake decreases, and feed utilization increases. Neither high or low temperatures increased urinary nitrogen excretion in chickens, indicating an increase in protein for maintenance. Therefore, in order to make the chickens in a proper production state, when calculating the composition and proportion of the diet, it is necessary to make corresponding adjustments according to environmental changes.
Impact on water demand
The water requirement of the chicken is also directly affected by the warm environment. As the temperature rises, the moisture that evaporates and evaporates on the surface increases, and the water in the sink and feed evaporates faster.
Impact on stocking density
At high temperatures, the stocking density is too high and is affected more severely. The production performance and feed intake of laying hens will decrease, and the broiler production performance will decline. The hatching rate of the hatching eggs also decreases.
Precaution
1. First, ensure that the birds drink enough water to meet their water loss and prevent death caused by heat failure.
2. Vitamin C and vitamin E can also be supplemented before the high temperature or before the feed intake decreases to improve the disease resistance of the chicken.
3. The ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the feed and the acid-base balance in the blood have a significant effect on the feeding of chickens in a warm environment and should be noted.
4. The use of oil as a substitute for carbohydrates at high temperatures is an ideal energy feed for animals. For example, the addition of 3% to 10% of fat to broiler chicken feed has a significant effect on improving chicken weight gain and feed utilization. It is more advantageous for laying hens to increase protein intake than to increase energy, which can significantly increase egg production. This is due to the fact that it is more urgent to meet the amino acid requirements of laying hens than the energy requirements after intake at high temperatures has decreased. In the breeding process, it is also necessary to reasonably control the breeding density, improve the feeding environment, and fully meet the nutritional needs of the chicken itself so as to meet the production requirements.
Urinary and Reproductive System
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