What are the high-yield planting techniques and common pest control methods in Shantou? Shantou is also known as the green scorpion, scorpion, and scorpion. It is the underground fleshy bulb of the perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Araceae. It is native to India and later introduced by Southeast Asia, South China and Japan. China is the most cultivated in the Pearl River Basin and Taiwan Province. The Yangtze River Basin is second, and other provinces and cities are also planting. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting techniques of Shantou!
Planting conditions of taro
1. Temperature: Shantou needs high temperature and humidity environment conditions. The temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the formation of bulbs. The bulb formation period is 28~30°C during the day and 18～20°C at night.
2. Moisture: Shantou prefers moist natural environment conditions, such as leeches or marmots. The soil during the drought and flood season requires soil moisture, and the water raft has a certain water layer.
3, light: Shantou is more resistant to low light, the light intensity is not very strict, and it grows well under scattered light. The formation and expansion of bulbs require short-day conditions.
4, soil: leeches need to choose paddy fields, low-lying land or ditch cultivation. Although drought and flood can grow in dry land, it still maintains the ecological type of swamp plants, and should be planted in wet areas.
Shantou variety selection
1. Red buds: Red buds are 90-100 cm tall, with broad ovate leaves and lavender petioles. The female baboon is large and nearly round, with 7 to 10 seeds per plant. The scorpion is large, thick, brown, fleshy, and bud red, with a yield of 0.85 to 1 kg per plant. More starch, excellent quality. Fresh oysters can be eaten or dried. Medium cooked. The growth period is 210 to 240 days, the planting period is from 2 to 3 months, and the harvest is from September to October. The yield per mu is 1,500 to 1,700 kg.
2, white bud sputum: white bud germination is white, petiole is green, veins light green, petiole yellow green, slightly purple at the near leaf. The female scorpion is spherical or elliptical, slightly curved, the scorpion is elliptical or oblong, and the bud is yellow and white, with 15 to 20 knots per plant. The yield per plant is 500-750 grams, the bulbs contain more water, the meat is fine and the quality is better, and it is more mature and resistant to storage. The yield per mu is 1,250 kg, and the high yield can reach more than 1,500 kg.
3, nine head 芋: nine head 芋 plant height 80 ~ 90 cm. Leaves broadly ovate, petiolate green. The female and the scorpion are clumped, the scorpion is slightly more, the bulb is obovate, brown, and the flesh is white. The yield per plant is 1.5 kg, and the meat is smooth and tastes light. Vegetable food and dried for medicinal purposes. Late maturity, 270 to 300 days of growth. The planting period is from February to March, and it is harvested from November to December. The yield per mu is 2500-3000 kg. The taste of Jiudou is slightly better than that of white peony and red peony.
4, areca: betel nut plant height 80 ~ 150 cm. The leaves are broadly ovate, and the petiole gradually transitions from green to coffee red from bottom to top, up to the leaf core. The bulbs are oblong, dark brown, fleshy, with brown markings. The yield per plant is 2.5 to 3 kg. The moisture resistance is worse than other varieties and the storability is better. Late maturity, growth period 240 to 280 days. The planting period is from February to March, and from November to January, the harvest is about 3,000 kg per mu.
Taro planting technology
1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Shantou has wide adaptability to soil, and it is suitable for clay soil with rich fertility and strong water retention. After the ground is well prepared, the trench is trenched at a line spacing of 80-100 cm, the width of the trench is 50 cm, and the depth is 35 cm, and then fertilization is carried out in the trench. The amount of fertilizer required for taro is large, and the growth period is long. First, the base fertilizer should be applied. The high-quality organic fertilizer 2000 kg and the 48% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 60 kg are applied to the ditch.
2, sowing method: choose the pest-free, non-wound seed stalks for 3 to 4 days after the close arrangement in the room, covered with 8 ~ 10 cm thick wet sand germination, room temperature is maintained at 20 ~ 25 ° C. After 20 to 30 days, the bud length is 3 to 4 cm, and the temperature of 5 cm is stable at 10 ° C. Open two rows of ditch on the raft, the distance between the ditch is 30 cm and the depth is 7 cm. After pouring enough water in the ditch, the seedlings are planted at a distance of 33-40 cm, 4500-5000 plants per acre.
3, watering management: Shantou does not water before emergence, keep the soil moist in the middle and late, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season. 80 days after emergence, combined with watering, perforated fertilization next to the plants. The taro avoids the soil drying, and the yellow leaves and dead leaves in the case of drought, but the soil is too wet and the roots are not conducive to root growth. Seedling stage should make the soil bottom enough, and should not be watered. In the seedling stage, the soil is dry and wet, and in case of rain, attention should be paid to drainage.
4, cultivating and cultivating soil: Taro seedling stage combined with topdressing should carry out cultivating and weeding to warm the grass. At the end of the seedling, the cultivating will make the cultivation ditch become flat, and then the soil will be cultivated once every 20 days, 7 cm thick, twice. The purpose of the soil is to inhibit the germination and growth of the buds of the scorpion and the scorpion, reduce the nutrient consumption, fully expand the hoe and generate a large number of adventitious roots, and increase the drought resistance of the plants.
5. Harvesting at the right time: When the taro is mature, it should be harvested in time. The early-maturing varieties of the early-season in the Yangtze River are mostly harvested from early September to early October. Late-sowing is harvested from late September to late October. Most of the varieties are harvested from the end of September to the beginning of November. Due to market demand, it can be harvested in advance or delayed, but it should be collected before heavy frost to prevent the steamed bread from being damaged.
6. Retention method: The sorghum is selected to grow in a uniform and high-yield place, and the plants with the characteristics of the cultivar are selected as seed plants. The bulbs should be planted to the ground part and the stalks should be harvested on sunny days. The size of the species is related to the type. It belongs to the multi-sub-category, 25 to 50 grams, and the minimum should be 15 grams or more. The type of the burrow should be more than 25 grams.
Disease prevention and control of taro
1. Plague disease: mainly based on prevention, starting in mid-May before the onset of the disease, optional protective fungicides such as mancozeb, respectively, added to the epidemic cream, metalaxyl, Anke, etc., 7 to 10 Spray once a day. When applying the medicine, you should master the weather, choose to spray before the rain, and spray the liquid evenly, and spray the leaves, leaves and petiole.
2, soft rot: strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, found that the diseased plant was removed in time, while lime around the diseased hole. It can be used for agricultural streptomycin and chlorothalonil root irrigation. It can be applied once before fertilization, after soiling, and after cutting larvae. At the same time, in the areas where the annual incidence is heavy, the streptomycin should be added every time to prevent underground pests and control moisture.
3, smear class disease: smear class disease can be used chlorothalonil, thiophanate in the early stage of the onset of prevention and control, spray again every 7 to 10 days.
4, aphids: aphids with adults, nymphs on the back of the leaves or young leaves to absorb juice, can be sprayed with dimethoate, imidacloprid pesticides.
5, Spodoptera litura: generally used Kung Fu or Rosburn, imidacloprid, Regent in the larva 3 years before the spray.
6, underground pests: combined with two heavy fertilizers can be used to control phoxim, Miller or trichlorfon.
7. Red spider: Spray 1500 times of monocrotophos or 800 times 40% omethoate or 800 times dicofol.
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