In recent years, corn planting has a large area, but due to the low germination rate, the seed grade is low. The main reasons are as follows:
First, the reason for the decrease in germination rate
1. Poor seed maturity
The germination rate of seeds is a trend from low to high as the maturity of the seeds increases. Seeding corn fields that were planted later, the temperature began to decline in the middle and late filling stages, and could not meet the accumulated temperature required for the normal maturity of the seeds, which caused the seed maturity to be affected and affected the germination rate of the seeds.
2. Management of the drying field after harvest
1 Moisture seed moisture is the main factor affecting the germination rate. In the drying process after harvesting, as the temperature changes, it is prone to high temperature mildew and reduce the germination rate of seeds.
2 After the high-temperature corn is harvested, it is not released in time, causing the local heap temperature to be too high, which affects the germination rate of corn. When the corn content of the harvested corn is 30% to 40%, it is stacked for 3 days, and the heap temperature rises to 47-50 °C, and the germination rate begins to decrease, and all of them lose vitality after 17 days. When the water content is 50%, the heap temperature rises to 43 °C in 2 days, the germination rate begins to decrease, and the germination rate is completely lost after 5 days. The main reason for the mildew of corn seeds is caused by the accumulation of heat in the case of high moisture after harvest. The higher the moisture, the faster the stack temperature rises and the faster the germination rate decreases.
3 Mechanical threshing differs depending on the variety, and the moisture requirements during threshing are also different. If the water content is too high, it will easily damage the grain embryos during threshing, which will increase the abnormal seedlings and affect the seed germination rate.
4 Weather conditions During the corn harvest period, do not mechanically thresh 1-2 days before the weather changes to prevent excessive water and high stack temperature, resulting in a decrease in the germination rate of corn.
5 artificial drying of corn seeds does not meet the national standards for safe storage of water, it must be artificially dried. Too high or too fast temperature during drying will reduce the water content of the seed and reduce the seed vigor, thus losing the germination rate of the seed.
Second, measures to increase the germination rate
Cultivation technique
1 Choosing the right variety For the mid-late and late-maturing varieties, we should fully consider the use of local light and heat resources and select a suitable seed production base. Corn seeding should be planted in a timely manner, and the method of mulching corn seed production can be used. The land is required to be leveled and the sowing depth is consistent to ensure that the seedlings are fully seeded.
2 Strengthen field management According to the characteristics of corn growth and development, rational fertilization and irrigation. Strengthen the management during the mature period, grasp the time of the last water filling, so as to ensure the moisture required for the maturity of the corn seeds, and prevent the late maturity of the greedy, resulting in high water content during harvest. Pay close attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and adopt the principle of prevention and prevention.
3 seed production technical measures to touch the male, early cut the father. This method can not only improve the purity and seed production of corn hybrids, reduce the evaporation of plant leaves, and the nutrient transferred to the ears, promoting the maternal young silk and the early maturity of the seed field. After the pollen is given, the father can be cut off, the ventilation and light transmission can be increased, and the maternal early maturity can be promoted. When the female ear enters the late stage of waxy maturity, the loquat leaves are peeled off from the top of the ear from the top to the bottom, and the whole ear is peeled off to make the ear completely exposed to dry, reducing the moisture of the ear.
2. Timely harvest
1 Harvest corn varieties at the right time to achieve physiological maturity. A black layer appears at the base of the corn kernel, and the milk line disappears, which is a sign of physiological maturity. At this point, the accumulation of dry matter in the grain reached its maximum. After a while, the grain moisture was quickly lost.
2 In time to remove the seeds that fall during the process of drying the corn ears, the seeds at both ends of the corn ear are in the process of formation, the filaments are spit out later, the maturity and fullness are poor, and the leaves should be separately aired.
3 Reduce the water content in the seeds After the corn seeds are harvested, it is strictly forbidden to pile up large piles and spread them early to reduce the water content of the seeds. Before the seed is threshed, it is required to try to remove it first, so as not to damage the seed embryo. Generally, the suitable threshing water is 18% to 20%.
4 Strictly drying the drying and drying of the corn seeds should be spread in time, and the thickness of the sun is 4-6 cm. The use of wooden hoes for sun exposure has minimal damage to seeds. Due to the weather changes need to pile up piles, the general stack temperature should not exceed 30 ° C, the seed water content is not higher than 21%.
5 Reasonable drying For the corn seeds with high water content, a two-stage drying process should be adopted. Firstly, the bar is used for drying, and the drying temperature is 43-48 ° C. When the moisture reaches 18% to 20%, the bin can be threshed, and the primary selection is performed, the impurities are removed, and the grains are dried. This method not only reduces heat loss, but also shortens drying time and reduces costs.
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