Release date: 2017-10-10
The latest issue of Cell, published a cover article of the joint research team at Baylor College of Medicine, Rice University, Stanford University, and the Broad Institute: they mapped HD to 4D in the nucleus of the genome. Map. The new study provides a dynamic tracking of the complete folding of the entire genome at different times, which will help scientists to study genetic diseases such as cancer from a new perspective.
For decades, scientists have speculated that after human cells are stimulated, the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) elements in their nucleus will quickly find distant counterparts, forming different rings along the chromosomes, by spatially re- In the layout, cells can alter the activity of genes and thereby regulate cell function. However, DNA loops have long been a major blind spot in modern biology. Although it is known that DNA can form loops in cells, determining the specific location of these loop structures has been an impossible task.
Until 2014, the above-mentioned joint research team made a complete change. They succeeded in mapping an unprecedented detailed map of how the human genome folds into a loop, and demonstrated that humans and other mammals, such as mice, are not only highly similar in one-dimensional genomic sequences, but also have similar three-dimensional genome folding. However, these maps can only reflect a ring structure in a static state, and it is impossible to observe the dynamic process of the ring structure.
In the latest study, the joint team produced the 4D HD video of the DNA loop in the human genome for the first time and clarified the unique mechanism associated with the looping position. By destroying the cyclic protein complex, Cohesin, in almost all cyclic structures, they found an extrusion mechanism that controls the DNA loop: adhesion proteins are like strap adjustment buckles for backpacks, through delivery sheets. Side straps, adjustable buckles can make the straps form a ring to adjust the length of the straps, and the adhesion protein can regulate the formation of DNA loops like the adjustment buckle.
By carefully observing the video map, the researchers also found another blocking mechanism that is not related to adhesion proteins, and the extrusion mechanism allows DNA to form a circular structure along the same chromosome through two elements. The cloning mechanism can Let the elements on different chromosomes combine into a ring structure in the form of large atomic groups. Researchers say that these mechanisms can regulate the formation and disintegration of DNA loops, thereby further understanding the cellular functions based on these folded structures.
Source: China Science and Technology Network
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