China is a large rice growing country, and rice is widely cultivated in southern China. In the process of planting, there may be a phenomenon of deficiency, especially the deficiency of phosphorus has a great influence on the growth and development of rice. So how to judge whether rice is deficient in phosphorus? What should I do if there is phosphorus deficiency in rice?
1. The role of phosphorus
Phosphorus is an important element that bears the life activities of crops. It is distributed in various parts of the crop and is a component of nuclear proteins. After being absorbed by the crop, the phosphorus moves to the vigorously growing buds, root tips, and granules to promote cell proliferation. Since phosphorus can move actively in crops, the phosphorus content in different parts of the crop varies greatly. Phosphorus is mainly distributed in the body where it carries out important metabolic reactions. Therefore, the crop absorbs an appropriate amount of phosphorus, which can increase the ratio of rice grains to stems and leaves and increase the yield.
In the early stage of crop growth, the number of cells increases sharply. If the amount of phosphorus can be absorbed at this time, it can promote tillering, elongation and flowering, and make the crop stronger and improve disease resistance.
2. Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in rice
Phosphorus deficiency in the early stage of rice growth and development, cell growth at the growth point is hindered, plant growth is slow, the individual is short, the stems and leaves are narrow, the leaves are straight, the clusters are flat, clustered, so-called "one column incense" plant type, tiller Less or no; leaves darker, dark green, grayish green or grayish blue; old leaves appear reddish brown irregular spots, or brown streaks along the veins, forming red blight. It is also easy to cause flax leaf spot disease; heading, maturity is delayed, and yield is severely reduced.
3. The cause
Rice phosphorus imbalance is mainly caused by phosphorus deficiency. When the phosphate fertilizer enters the soil, it is easily fixed by iron and aluminum ions under acidic conditions; it is easily fixed by calcium ions under slightly alkaline and calcareous conditions. Therefore, its effectiveness is very low, often causing rice to exhibit phosphorus deficiency.
Phosphorus is a major component of the nucleic acids that make up a crop. Phosphorus deficiency can slow or not divide cells. The tillering stage of rice is a period of vigorous cell division. It requires a large amount of phosphorus to meet the needs of tillering. At this time, phosphorus deficiency will hinder tillering and cause dead seedlings. Such phosphorus deficiency and seedlings generally occur in red soil or yellow paddy paddy fields, cold paddy fields, alpine paddy fields, and reductive paddy fields. The red soil and yellow soil soils themselves contain low total phosphorus and lower available phosphorus. In cold paddy fields, alpine paddy fields and reductive paddy fields, due to the effects of low temperature and reducing conditions, rice has a weak absorption and metabolism of phosphorus, so it shows phosphorus deficiency. It has been reported that the ability of rice roots to absorb phosphorus is only 55.9% at 33 °C when the soil temperature is 16 °C. In the red soil or yellow paddy paddy field on hilly slopes, due to the vulnerability to hawthorn or water seepage, the water temperature and soil temperature are low, which is more likely to promote the occurrence of phosphorus deficiency. Due to the increase of water temperature and soil temperature, late rice usually does not show the phenomenon of phosphorus deficiency and dead seedling.
4. Prevention methods
(1) Once the phosphorus deficiency is found, no matter what growth period, 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium phosphate solution can be sprayed on the foliage.
(2) Rational application of phosphate fertilizer.
1 Early application, concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer. Rice is sensitive to phosphorus deficiency in the early stage of growth, and the proportion of phosphorus absorbed in the total phosphorus demand is also large, and the phosphorus reuse rate in the body is high. The phosphorus is accumulated in the early growth stage, and generally does not occur in the later stage. Phosphorus deficiency leads to reduced production. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer must be applied early. At the same time, due to the small mobility of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and the limited distribution space of rice roots in the early growth stage, it is not conducive to the absorption of phosphorus, so the phosphate fertilizer should be properly concentrated, such as roots.
2 Select the appropriate type of phosphate fertilizer. The choice of phosphate type is generally based on the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer and other calcareous phosphate fertilizers should be used in the phosphorus-deficient acidic soil. When phosphorus deficiency is serious, calcium phosphate should be properly applied in the early stage of growth; calcium phosphate should be used in neutral and calcareous soil. .
3 with organic fertilizer and lime. Organic fertilizers and lime should be applied to the acidic soil to reduce the fixation of phosphorus in the soil, promote the activity of microorganisms and the conversion and release of phosphorus, and improve the availability of phosphorus in the soil.
(3) Grasp the field management measures.
1 Choose the appropriate variety. The first is to use varieties resistant to phosphorus deficiency; the second is to induce phosphorus deficiency in early rice, which is susceptible to low temperature. The medium and late maturity varieties with longer growth period can be used to reduce or prevent the occurrence of phosphorus deficiency.
2 strong seedling transplanting. Rice should be fertilized with other fertilizers and other fertilizers during the paddy field. Zhuangqi has strong resilience and developed root system, which is conducive to the absorption of phosphorus in the early growth stage.
3 moisture management. For soils with groundwater seepage, it is necessary to excavate the drainage ditch and diversion ditch according to local conditions, eliminate the intrusion of cold water, improve the soil temperature and the effectiveness of phosphorus, and prevent and control the deficiency of phosphorus.
The above are the symptoms and solutions of phosphorus deficiency in rice. I hope to help you. In addition to phosphorus deficiency, rice will lack other trace elements in the planting process. Therefore, the growers should carefully observe and balance the fertilization to promote the growth of rice and high yield. Increase income.
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