1 The morphological characteristics and growth environment of passion fruit
1.1 Morphological characteristics
Passion fruit is smooth and hairless. When the fruit is ripe, it becomes purple. Its fruit can be eaten raw or used as medicine. The seeds can be used to extract oil. Because of the juicy fruit, it is crowned with the reputation of the king of fruit juice.
1.2 Growing environment
Passion fruit is a tropical plant, and its requirements for the growth environment are high, especially temperature, moisture, light and so on.
1.2.1 Temperature
Practice shows that 20-30 °C is the most suitable temperature for the growth of passion fruit. Once the ambient temperature is lower than 0 °C, the plants may die due to freezing and the annual average temperature is suitable for planting in regions above 18 °C, and it is easy to achieve high yield. The goal. Because of this, Guangxi and other places have become the main origins of passion fruit.
1.2.2 Moisture
Passion fruit is suitable for planting in an area where the average annual rainfall is 1500 to 2000 mm. Although passion fruit is more tolerant to drought, it must be irrigated if it encounters a severe drought season. Otherwise, the soil will be too dry, affecting the growth of vines and fruits.
1.2.3 Lighting
Because passion fruit is a tropical fruit, making it more like the sun, the more abundant light is more conducive to promoting vine growth and accumulation of nutrients. In regions with an average annual sunshine time of 2300-2800 h, Passion Fruit can achieve the goals of early end-of-year and high-yield production.
2 Passion fruit double height cultivation technology measures
Guangxi is located in the middle and south subtropical monsoon climate zone. Under the combined effects of atmospheric circulation, solar radiation and geographical environment, the region has a distinctive climate, namely, warm climate, abundant rainfall and moderate sunshine. Fruit cultivation provides the conditions. This article focuses on the analysis of high-quality, high-yielding cultivation techniques for passion fruit in Guangxi.
2.1 nursery measures
2.1.1 Introduction
According to the different colors of fruits, passion fruit can be divided into two categories: one is purple fruit and the other is yellow fruit. The representative species of the former is Tainong No. 1, according to practical experience, the yield of the variety is higher and the quality of the fruit is better. Passiflora is originated from a tropical region. The cold resistance of the plant itself is weak. Therefore, in the cultivation of subtropical regions, the purple fruit seedlings should be introduced, and cold-resistant domestication of the seedlings should be carried out before planting, and the plants seriously affected by freezing injury should be eliminated. Plants that thrive after being overwintering are used as mother plants for picking and cutting, and they are screened again in the second and third year. This allows seedlings to adapt to local climatic conditions, thus laying the foundation for the realization of high-quality, high-yield targets.
2.1.2 Determine the nursery time
Under the climatic conditions of Guangxi, the passion fruit seedlings cultivated in November will be produced around May of the following year. The entire fruiting period lasts for a long time, and the fruit yield can be greatly improved; the seedlings cultivated in around April will usually be Around August of the following year, the entire result period was relatively short, which resulted in a decline in output. Therefore, it is recommended that the time for cutting seedlings be set at about November, and supplemented by April, which can achieve the goal of high yield.
2.1.3 Rapid nursery
More commonly used cutting seedlings are seedlings and sheds. In contrast, arch sheds are less expensive and easier to manage. Therefore, they can be used as the preferred method for rapid seedlings. The specific approach is as follows: Choose a sandy loam soil paddy field, and after the harvest in October, place the water in the field. Dry, and in the case of semi-dry and semi-humid soil, using a rotary cultivator to break the soil, and remove the remaining enthalpy in the soil, and then proceed to rake, its length can be controlled within 20m, the width should not Above 1.0m, cover it with a black ground film.
2.2 double height cultivation techniques
2.2.1 Fertilizing in Selected Fields
The characteristics of Passion fruit determine its high requirement for sunlight exposure, and the water will have a certain degree of influence on the growth of Passion fruit. In view of this, in the cultivation of passion fruit, it is necessary to select a land that is convenient for drainage and has sufficient sunshine. When cultivating passion fruit on a terrace, you can use a rotary cultivator to harrow the soil first, and use a 3m line width to excavate drainage gutters. The basal fertilizer should be applied at intervals of 2m or so, and the amount of fertilizer should be the same at all points. After the fertilization, the topsoil and the base fertilizer are mixed evenly, and the backfill soil should be about 15 to 20 cm higher than the original ground. When cultivating passion fruit on a slope, digging can be done along the contour line at a spacing of 3m2m, so that the pits and pits are staggered with each other in a squama-shaped distribution. Each of the pits is cast with decomposed manure or organic manure and excavated. Pit soil is mixed and filled into the pit as a base fertilizer.
2.2.2 Colonization and scaffolding
The optimum planting density of Passion fruit is 100-120/667m2. For seedlings with a height below 20cm, direct planting is possible. For seedlings higher than 20cm, planting can be carried out after cropping according to the degree of thickness. Follow the principle of strong and weak. In the process of colonization of passion fruit, all the old leaves of the seedlings should be removed. The depth of colonization should be controlled at 10 cm, and the entire old branches should be buried in the soil. After the planting is completed, scaffolding should be erected to ensure the healthy growth of passion fruit seedlings. In the process of erecting scaffolding, if there is bamboo or wood, local materials can be obtained. If not, piles can be made with cement columns. The pile height should be controlled at about 2.5m, and the depth of piles should be controlled at 40-60cm.
2.2.3 Pruning shears
Because the passion fruit seedlings have a strong germination ability, and the germination sprouts have a very high branching rate, so that the branches and leaves of the passion fruit grow very vigorously, but this is easy to cause shade phenomenon, thus affecting the quality and yield of the fruit. Therefore, the pruning and cutting of leaves must be done during the cultivation process. The specific approach is as follows: When the passion fruit seedlings are planted and survived, a vine canopy can be set aside and all the flowers and side branches on the vine can be removed. When the vines are about 50cm above the shed, they should be topped and three comparisons should be made. Strong lateral branches act as primary lateral vines. When there are 6 buds on it, the front side of the side vines should be topped. At the same time, three secondary side vines are reserved on each side vine and all other vines are cut off.
2.2.4 Water and Fertilizer Management
Topdressing is one of the more effective measures to achieve high quality and high yield goals of Passion fruit, and it can be topdressed according to the growth of seedlings and the number of fruiting. Before the shed, nitrogen fertilizer can be used. Each plant can be applied 2 to 3 times per month. The amount of fertilizer can be increased with the growth of seedlings. After the shed is topped, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be increased. Since the flowers of passion fruit are open in batches, they should be topdressed once every batch of flowers. In addition, passion fruit is a fleshy root. If there is too much water in the soil, it will easily cause rot. Therefore, it should be drained in time for rainy days.
2.2.5 Pest Control
According to the relevant planting experience, diseases and insect pests which are harmful to the healthy growth of Passion fruit mainly include mosaic disease, stem rot, root rot and aphids. Since passion fruit has strong resistance to disease, when it infects stem rot and root rot, it can effectively control disease by increasing organic fertilizer, improving ventilation, and strengthening water and fertilizer management. Basically, it does not need to be used. Pesticides control the condition. The aphids are harmful to Passion fruit and once they occur, they will affect the fruit yield and quality. For these insect pests, 10% imidacloprid 4000-6000 times liquid plus 0.5% amino oligosaccharide water 600 times liquid can be used for spray control. Enables effective control of locusts.
3 Conclusion
The cultivation and cultivation of Passion fruit is a relatively complex and systematic work. To achieve the goal of achieving double heights, it is necessary to understand and master the corresponding technical measures.
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