Latest discoveries and innovations
A major problem that has long plagued the world’s medical community has been the breakthrough in repair of spinal cord injury. Chinese researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the use of self-developed active biomaterials to improve the local microenvironment of injury, promote the regeneration of non-human primate rhesus macaques in long-distance corticospinal tracts, penetrate the injury zone and establish functional neural networks with the host spinal cord As a result, paraplegia limb function recovery. The relevant research results were recently published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences".
The research was led by Li Xiaoguang, professor of Beihang University and Capital Medical University, Professor Sun Yi of Shanghai Tongji Hospital and Professor Yang Chaoyang of Capital Medical University. Research has overturned the conclusion that the adult mammalian central nervous system injury could not be regenerated by the neuroscientist Cajal more than 100 years ago, and clarified the mechanism of biological active material inducing central nervous system regeneration and laid the foundation for the treatment of adult mammalian spinal cord injury.
In the “Innate Endogenous Stem Cell Hatchery Theoryâ€, researchers consider the incubation of endogenous stem cells as breeding, and the lesions of the brain or spinal cord of the central nervous system are filled with various inflammatory and inhibitory factors, just like saline-alkali soils. The neural stem cells that exist in adult mammalian brains and spinal cords are mostly at rest, like crouching seeds.
The active biomaterials independently researched and developed by the research team can release neurotrophic factors for a long period of time, improve the local microenvironment that is considered to be a “saline-alkalineâ€, activate the “cropping seedsâ€, and allow them to migrate to the site of lesions and differentiate into mature neurons. Neonate neurons can form functional neuronal circuits with the host cells and ultimately promote functional recovery.
According to reports, the innovation of this project lies in the adoption of simple biomaterial transplantation to avoid the risks of immune rejection, ethical disputes and tumorigenesis. As the rhesus monkeys closely resemble human anatomy and physiological functions, it is a clinical cure for the spinal cord. Injured patients bring more hope. At the same time, the researchers established a series of non-invasive techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, and gait analysis to evaluate the efficacy, laying a foundation for the clinical application of basic research results. (Reporter Cao Xiuying)
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