Yongtai County is the “township of China's Liguo,†and the county's plum tree planting area is 8,200 hm2, accounting for more than 65% of the fruit tree area. The locusts, mulberry white peony roots, and ball pods are the main plague-inducing pests of the county's Lishu tree, and they are also important pests on the plum trees. They occur all year round and suffer serious damage. In order to clarify the species, damage characteristics, living habits, and occurrence regularities of the pulic sucking pests of Li Shu, to accurately and accurately perform the work of forecasting and controlling the occurrence of damages, the author's living habits of the Lees sucking pests in the county from 2008 to 2011 The law of occurrence was observed and studied. The survey observation results and prevention measures are summarized below.
1Life habits and regularity of major sucking pests
1.1 Locusts
Aphid adults, nymphs densely in shoots, sucking sap on leaves, in severe cases, deformity of young leaves curled, tender tip bending, causing dry shoots, resulting in shortening young shoots, flower buds blocked growth, and affecting flowering and fruiting Quality, resulting in reduced production. It was observed that the locusts in winter in Yongtai County were mixed with sexual ticks, eggs, dry mothers, and females with no wings. From late February to mid-April, it was the period of injuring the plum tree; in May, the insect population moved away from the plum trees one after another to the host in summer. In the early October, the winged plover was moved back from the summer host to the plum tree and taken from the back of the leaves. In early November, female quail mated with winged males. In early November, female quail began to spawn. In mid-and late-mid-November, spawning peaks occur; in early January, the end of the spawning period is spawning. Eggs are prolific in the buds of the branches that year, and a few are in the branches of the branches, and very few are in the cracks in the bark. The eggs hatched in mid-December, and hatched in the middle and late January, and hatched in mid-February. The occurrence of Lifan is closely related to the climatic conditions in winter and spring. The small amount of rain in October-November is conducive to large-scale migration of winged plover and its reproduction to the plum tree, thus increasing winter populations. At the same time, during the March-March of the following year, Li Shuchang had less rainfall during the period of long shoots and the temperature was slightly higher. The growth rate of Li Zhi’s isolated female embryos accelerated, the mortality rate was low, and the damage increased.
1.2 Mulberry White
Mulberry white locust sucks sap onto female branches with female adults and nymphs, and sometimes causes fruit damage and leaves, causing debilitating tree vigor. In severe cases, Shanxi fruit trees SHANXIFRUITS 2013 (3) all branches are dry and covered with white shells, resulting in branches and plants. The garden was destroyed. In Yongtai County, four generations occur each year. The fertilized female adults live on the plum trees. The host begins to smoke when the host grows. The insect body quickly expands. Lishu begins wintering in mid-February and spawns in early March. It is generally seen in late February. In the middle of March, it is the peak of the first generation of egg hatching. It ends in the early days of late March and the adult is visible in late March. Overwintering adult females produce the most eggs, and each female produces 100-130 eggs. The females of the first generation began to spawn in late April, and then ended in mid-May. In the second half of May, they were the peak of the second generation of eggs hatching, and they entered the adult period in mid-June. The first generation of adult females lay 50 to 55 eggs per head on average. The females of the second generation began to spawn in the late July, with an average of 40 to 50 eggs. The nymphs were observed in the middle and late July, and the third generation of eggs hatched in the late July and entered the adult period in mid-August. . The third generation of female adults began to lay eggs in early September, with an average of 60 to 65 eggs per head, ending in late September. The nymphs began to appear in mid-September, and the fourth generation of eggs hatched in late September. In the first half of October, they enter adulthood one after another and later mating over winter.
1.3 The ball is strong
The ball is a fulminant pest on Lishu in some areas of the county. The nymphs and female adults colonize the branches and shoots, and leaf sap, and in particular, in March, the body's large spawning period is the most harmful and damaging to plum trees. Affect the flowering sprout, while the whole trunk gradually withered. At the same time, excretion of honeydew often induces coal pollution, which affects photosynthesis and weakens the tree vigor. One generation per year, wintering on branches with 2nd instar nymphs, covered with wax. In mid-February, he began to remove the wax from the quilt and find another fixed point, after which the male and female differentiated. The male nymphs began to secrete wax pupa and phlegm in early March and began mating and mating in mid-March. After the mating, the females quickly expanded, and in the mid-to-late mid-April, they were spawning. Each female generally spawned more than 1,000 grains and the egg period was about 7 days. In late April, the egg hatched. The newly hatched nymphs began to move 3 to 5 days after hatching, scattered to the branches and leaves to find suitable sites to fix, and gradually formed wax. Most of the leaves and crevices were at the same time. At this time, the nymphs developed extremely slowly, and they peeled off the skin once before wintering. In early October, they passed winter under the wax of the 2nd instar nymphs. Male adults live for about 3 days and can mate with several females. Eggs from unmated females can also hatch. In the middle and late April of the year, the damage is most prosperous. Different altitudes and different densities of orchards will occur sooner or later.
2 control technology
2.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
2.1.1 Clear Garden in Winter In November, pests and branches and dead branches were completely cut off and burned in a concentrated manner. The 3 Be lime sulfur mixture was sprayed once in the whole park to reduce the source of overwintering insects.
2.1.2 Reasonable pruning In the growing season, by controlling budding, picking the heart, twisting the tip, taking branches and pulling branches and other methods to control the growth of the shoots without excessive growth, promote air and light transmission, and the branches and buds are full and robust and reduce the incidence of insect pests. The pruned branches and leaves were cleared out of the park and burned. Spray 5% mineral oil EC or engine oil EC or apply 10% cypermethrin EC 200 times and diesel EC 10 to 50 times to brush the stems of scale insects.
2.2 Biological control
The natural enemies of sap sucking pests are rich in resources and species, including Trichomolum, Trichogramma, Grasshopper, Ladybug, Syrphidae, spiders and birds. In Li Yuan, tea fruit intercropping can be used or green manure can be cultivated in young-age gardens, and summer and winter can be used to plant grass in the plum-tree rows, which can create good habitat for breeding places for natural enemies.
2.3 Physical control
2.3.1 The swatch induces the aphid to have a tendency to yellow, and can be trapped with a yellow plate coated with a semiochemical. Usage of colored sticky board: Hang yellow boards on plum trees in the early spring (May to March) before locusts occur, trap and kill fins, and use 20 to 30 pieces of 25 cm 40 cm colored sticky sticks on 667 m2. 2 to 3 times.
2.3.2 Manual Prevention Winter brushing of overwintering females on branches with hard brushes or wire brushes reduces the number of insect populations.
2.3.3 White coating of trunk in winter or early spring with lime sulfur or with insecticide whitening agent (10 kg of quicklime, sulfur powder 1 kg, salt 0.25 kg, trichlorfon 0.5 kg, plus appropriate amount of water mixed) brush dry Can kill the source of overwintering insects.
2.4 Proper application of pesticides
The control of aphids begins to spit buds and leaves when plums begin to grow. Where new branches appear to be curled up and the leaf rolling rate reaches 10%, it is necessary to pay close attention to spraying and control. Liyuan, which has a large population, should be sprayed after the first injection. ~ 10 days to prevent and cure again. Pharmacists can choose 2.5% Ake Tai WG 2 500 ~ 3000 times or use 25% pymetrozine WP 1 200 ~ 1 500 times or 10% imidacloprid WP 800 ~ 1 000 times or 25% buprofezin WP 1 000 ~ 1 200 times spray control.
The prevention and treatment of mulberry sorghum and ball scorpion should be controlled at the peak of hatching of the young quail. The worm body is still crawling and the wax is not formed before it is the critical period for chemical control. 5 to 7 days after severe insecticide, spray once again. The agent can be used with 48% of Loser EC 1 000 to 1 200 times fluid or 40% speed culling EC 800 to 1 000 times fluid or 2.5% Uranus EC 1 000 ~ 1 200 times spray.
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