For crops, the roots are very important. There are many factors affecting the health of the roots. The change of temperature in the root zone can cause dramatic changes in the physiological ecology of crops and inhibit the soil microbial activity. The following Hui Nong network Xiaobian will talk to you about the effects of physiological metabolism of crop roots and how to increase the temperature of the root zone. Let's learn about it.
First, the impact on root physiological metabolism
1, root zone breathing
Root zone temperature is closely related to root respiration. Studies have shown that low root zone temperature inhibits root respiration and ultimately leads to nutrient uptake and root growth; and in low temperature environments, root zone respiration increases with root zone temperature The effect will gradually increase.
It is very necessary to maintain the root temperature of the soil. Add bio-organic fertilizer to prevent the influence of low temperature on the root zone.
The study found that the root absorption of O2 was only 65% ​​at 25 °C when the root zone temperature was 10 °C, indicating that the root zone temperature inhibited root respiration.
2, root nutrient and water absorption
Root zone temperature is a key factor affecting root nutrient and water uptake, and even small changes in root zone temperature can cause changes in root nutrient uptake.
When the root system is in a low root temperature environment, the water transport rate and nutrient active transport are significantly reduced.
According to the survey, the temperature in the root zone of 12°C reduced the content of NO3- and H2PO4- in the xylem of cucumber, indicating that the temperature in the low-root zone reduced the transport and distribution of N and P to the shoot.
3. Root material synthesis, content and activity
Root zone temperature affects the synthesis, content, and activity of the substance in the root system. The roots of the crop contain a variety of enzymes, such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, in addition to other substances, such as malondialdehyde, soluble sugar (sucrose), etc.; Nutritional components (sugar content, water content), respiration, stress resistance, disease resistance are all related.
According to the survey, low temperature treatment in the root zone reduced the activity of various enzymes in the roots of cucumber seedlings, while the content of malondialdehyde increased, which enhanced the respiration of crops and led to the consumption of nutrients.
Second, the impact on the ecological environment of the root zone
1. Soil enzymes and microbial activity and quantity in root zone
The various soil enzymes in the root zone are important participants in the soil reaction in the root zone and play an important role in soil fertility. The soil microbes in the root zone are the general term for bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and algae living in the soil. The individuals are small, and they undergo oxidation, nitrification, ammoniation, nitrogen fixation, and vulcanization in the soil to promote the decomposition and nutrient of soil organic matter. The transformation of the root zone soil generally has a higher microbial biomass.
The soil enzymes and microbial activity and quantity in the root zone are also affected by the temperature of the root zone, which further affects the function of the corresponding functions.
Studies have shown that: low temperature in the root zone, decreased phosphatase activity, affecting the phosphatase on the curing of phosphorus.
Studies have shown that the microbial activity is inhibited at low temperatures in the root zone, and the activity gradually changes as the temperature in the root zone increases.
In addition, the soil microbes in the root zone are not only related to the temperature of the root zone, but also related to water, air, pH and other factors, and these factors are also indirectly affected by the temperature of the root zone.
2. Physical and chemical properties of soil in root zone
The physical and chemical properties of the root zone include acid-base and chemical reaction processes.
Studies have shown that root zone temperature is an important environmental factor affecting soil respiration rate. The release rate of CO2 in the root zone is affected by the temperature of the root zone, and the CO2 produced by soil respiration in the root zone indirectly affects the gas environment of the root zone soil.
The investigation shows that the temperature of the root zone affects the pH value of the soil in the root zone, which directly affects the soil environment and crop growth.
3, how to improve the temperature of the root zone
Therefore, it is very necessary to maintain the soil root temperature, and it can be improved by increasing the ground temperature. The specific means is to increase the application of biological fertilizer / organic fertilizer.
Studies have shown that: the application of biological fertilizer / organic fertilizer, organic matter decomposition under the action of microorganisms, can directly increase the ground temperature of 2-3 ° C.
Note 1: The microbial activity in the root zone is weak in winter. If organic materials such as straw are directly applied, the microbial activity is slowly decomposed and the ground temperature cannot be effectively increased. Therefore, the decomposition of organic materials can be accelerated by increasing the biological fertilizer or the microbial agent.
Note 2: On the other hand, the microbial activity in winter is weak. If the microbial agent is applied alone, the microbial activity cannot be guaranteed, and the organic matter can be added to provide a suitable environment.
Note 3: Try not to apply chemical fertilizer to increase the ground temperature, because the root system can weaken the nutrient absorption capacity under the influence of low temperature, and the root system can not absorb nutrients. If too much fertilizer/concentration is too high, rooting will occur.
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