October is the mature period of late-ripening apple varieties. In addition to paying attention to the timely harvest of apples, the main management tasks are as follows:
1. Post-harvest color enhancement
For fruits with poor natural coloration, artificial color enhancement can be carried out. The method is: choose a dry, flat and ventilated place, spread 3 cm thick sand or grass, put the top of the fruit up, the stalk down, and the single layer flat on the sand. The surface is exposed to light during the day and exposed at night. From 9 am to 4 pm, cover the fruit surface with a reed mat to prevent sunburn. Generally, after 4 days and nights, the fruit can reach the desired color.
2. Simple storage
After the fruit is harvested, mechanical refrigeration and controlled atmosphere storage can be carried out if conditions permit, and the following measures can also be adopted for simple storage when the conditions are not met or the number is small.
1. Stacking The selected and graded fruits are scattered or packed in baskets and stacked directly on the ground between the rows of fruit trees. Generally, the storage pile is 1.5 meters wide and 0.6 meters high. After the fruits are stacked, they can be covered with reed mats and straw curtains during the early day to prevent the sun from drying, and the cover should be removed at night to reduce the stack temperature.
2. Improved trench storage Choose a trench with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 1 meter in the shade. The length is determined by the amount of storage, and a 10 cm thick grass curtain is used as the trench cover. Before storage, the ditch shall be tightly covered during the day, and open and pre-cooled at night for 10 consecutive days. Then put the graded fruits into plastic bags, open the mouth and pre-cool for 2 nights, then tie the bag mouth tightly into the ditch in the morning for storage. Cover the ditch tightly during the day and open it to cool down at night, and the ditch temperature must reach -3°C. The trench must be sealed for heat preservation. The storage conditions should be checked frequently in winter, and the storage should end when the ditch temperature rises to 15℃ in spring.
3. Frozen water for young orchard
Before late October, irrigate young orchards with frozen water in advance, and the amount of water should be sufficient. Plowing and plowing after water seepage can make the soil freeze late and the frozen soil layer is shallow. The soil will thaw early in the spring of the following year, and the cold and drought will be less harmful, which will help prevent the phenomenon of saplings.
Fourth, to prevent the damage of the green leafhopper
In order to avoid the occurrence of dead branches and dead trees due to the large green leafhopper laying eggs on its branches, the trunk and main branches of the young tree can be painted white before early October to prevent the large green leafhopper from being This spawns. The formula of the white coating agent is: 10 parts quicklime, 1-2 parts salt, 35-40 parts water, dissolve the quicklime with water, remove the slag, pour it into the salt water, stir well and serve. Weeds or plastic cloth can also be used to wrap young branches, which can not only prevent the large green leafhopper from laying eggs, but also prevent stripping.
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