How to cultivate winter greenhouse eggplants in the northern region? Today, Huinong.com has provided a set of safe and high-quality winter warm shed eggplant planting techniques and regulations for farmers in the northern region.
1 variety selection
In the solar greenhouse, the wintering 茬 eggplant cultivation is suitable for varieties that are suitable for market demand, such as cold-resistant, low-light-resistant, disease-resistant, good-quality, high-yield varieties. Currently, the best varieties are Blyita, Dalong, Heiqi, and Black God.
2 nursery
At present, in areas where the cultivation of protected vegetables in Shandong Province is concentrated, there is generally an intensive seedling plant. In order to improve the quality of seedlings, reduce the disease of seedlings, and save the time of gargle, it is recommended that growers order seedlings from the nursery plant, or provide seeds to the nursery plant for breeding.
3 Preparation before planting
3.1 Cleaning and disinfection in the shed
Generally, the land preparation starts from July to early August. First, the roots, stems and leaves of all the remaining crops in the shed are removed in time, and then the soil in the shed is turned deep by 30 to 35 cm, and the mulch film and the membrane are sealed. At this time, it is the hottest season in China. If a quick-growing vegetable in the shed is planted in the shed, the roots, stems and leaves of the sorghum crop can be cleaned before planting, and 500 times of chlorothalonil or carbendazim pesticides should be sprayed in the shed.
3.2 Site preparation, fertilization, ridge
The organic fertilizer with early decomposing is 500~1 000 per acre, then 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5 kg of copper sulfate and 5 kg of potassium sulfate are mixed well with the soil. Generally, the ridge is ridged in the north-south direction, and the ridge height is 15-20 cm. Planting in large and small rows, the large row is the operation line, the line spacing is 80 cm, the small behavior is planted, and the line spacing is 50 cm. After thoroughly mixing the fertilizer with the soil, the ditch is supported into a ridge, and the original ridge becomes a ditch. This fertilization method is beneficial to the nutrient of the main and lateral roots of the eggplant.
4 colonization
4.1 Colonization time
The general colonization period is at the end of September or early October.
4.2 Planting density
The plant spacing is generally 40 to 45 cm, and 2 to 2,200 plants are planted per acre.
4.2 Colonization method
On the side of the ridge close to the planting ditch, plan the hole according to the plant spacing requirement, and then plant the seedlings in the hole. When the soil is buried, the height of the covering soil is the same as the upper surface of the root substrate of the seedling. Covering the mulch on the planting line, it is advisable to cover both ridges on both sides, and then the planting row is watered. The operation line can be laid with wheat hulls and corn stalks to facilitate heat preservation and dehumidification.
5 Field management
5.1 Early management
About 15 days after planting, 1000mg/kg of proppant can be sprayed to prevent the plant from growing. After every 10 to 15 days, spray 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or sugar urine, sweet and sour liquid, etc. to prevent disease and strong trees. The daytime temperature is controlled between 25 °C and 28 °C, and the night temperature is between 15 °C and 18 °C. In order to prevent falling flowers and fruit, after waiting for the eggplant and sitting on the eggplant, watering, fertilizing, pruning, wiping, thinning and fruit thinning can be performed normally. Generally, double-stalk or three-stalk pruning method is adopted, and each branch retains 1 to 2 fruits, and should be picked in time after maturity so as not to affect the growth and development of the upper young fruit.
When the eggplant grows to the size of the walnut, it can be applied with 15 kg of NPK ternary compound fertilizer per acre. After every 15 days, the soil is watered, and the fertilizer is applied once every other water. Special water soluble fertilizer 5 kg.
5.2 Mid-term management
The management during the period from mid-November to the end of March of the next year is mainly to keep warm and brighten, and to pull it in time every day. Clean the dust on the shed in time, increase the light as much as possible, keep the shed temperature 20 °C ~ 30 °C, humidity 65%, or hang the reflective screen on the rear wall, use the reflected light to enhance the light, when the shed temperature exceeds 30 °C, it can be opened At the top, the air is cooled. At night, in front of the grasshopper (in front of the shed), a small grasshopper is covered, and the shed is covered with a hood to keep warm, and the night temperature is maintained at 13 °C ~ 18 °C. In the snowy weather, you can turn on the fill light in the shed to increase the light.
With the increase of the plant and the arrival of the fruiting period, it is necessary to timely remove the excess branches, the aging leaves and the diseased leaves at the bottom, and the fruit that meets the commodity standard should be cut off with the scissors in time to avoid affecting the growth of the upper young fruit. .
5.3 Post Management
After April, the climate is gradually warming up. As long as the temperature is at least 13 °C, there is no need to cover and close the eyes at night. As the temperature gradually rises, generally after the end of April to the beginning of May, in addition to the day and night ventilation of the shed, the film on the front side of the shed should be rolled up to about 1 m, and all the vents should be fixed with 40 mesh insect nets. In order to cool down, you can also spray some mud and lime milk on the shed film, and you can also cover the shed on the shed.
6 pest control
6.1 Main pests and diseases
The diseases of eggplant include plague, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, virus disease, etc. The pests include sassafras, aphids, whitefly, spotted fly, and 28-star ladybug.
6.2 Principles of Prevention
Adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, focusing on agricultural control, physical control and biological control, and strictly control the use of chemical pesticides and plant growth regulators.
6.3 Agricultural control
(1) Reasonable layout, implement rotation and change the source of disease.
(2) Pay attention to ventilation and cool down, and create an environment that is not conducive to the reproduction and survival of germs.
6.4 Physical control
Silver ash membrane can be used to avoid mites and yellow mites to trap mites and whitefly.
6.5 Biological control
(1) Natural enemies: Actively protect and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases, such as Litchi bee, sturgeon bee and so on.
(2) Biological agents: 200 to 250 times solution of bio-pesticide bacteria (2% Ningnanmycin), spray control before or after the onset of viral disease.
6.6 Chemical control
Cotton blight: 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times spray control; Verticillium wilt: 50% carbendazim WP 500 times irrigation; Bacterial wilt: 25% Qingchangling WP 500 Double spray control; sassafras, Banyan flies: 2% spray with 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate. In order to reduce the resistance of pests and diseases, the above medicinal agents are recommended to be used only once a month.
Do you understand the planting techniques of the eggplant in the northern region? More sheds are planted in Wonderland!
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