Morphology and glume
The ear of Zea mays
1. Hard particle type: also known as aragonite type. The grains are mostly round, and the top and the surrounding endosperm are horny. Only the central near-embryonic part is silty, so the translucent appearance is shiny, hard and full. The grain color is mostly yellow with occasional colors such as red, purple and purple. The grain quality is good, and it is a type that has been cultivated in China for a long time. It is mainly used for food.
2. Horse tooth shape: also called horse teeth type. The grain is flat and rectangular, because the top of the silt dries faster than the keratin on both sides, so the top of the middle is concave, resembling horse teeth, hence the name. Kernel skin wrinkles rough and opaque, mostly yellow, white, a few purple or red, eating quality is poor. It is the most cultivated type in the world and in China, suitable for the manufacture of starch and alcohol or for feed.
3. Half horse tooth type: also called intermediate type. It is a hybrid of hard and dent corn. The depression at the top of grains is shallower than that of dentions, and some depressions are only white spots. The top of the silty endosperm is less than the horse tooth type but more than the hard grain type, the quality is better than the horse tooth type, and it is cultivated more in China.
Various kinds of corn
4. Powder type: also known as soft type. The endosperm is all silty and the seeds are milky white and dull. It can only be used as a raw material for starch production. It is rarely cultivated in China.
5. Sweet type: also known as sweet corn. The endosperm is mostly keratinous, contains many sugars, and contains relatively low starch content. Due to moisture evaporation at the time of ripening, the grain surface is shrunk and translucent. The use of more vegetables has been widely planted throughout China as the people’s living standards have recently improved.
6. Sweet powder type: Keratin endosperm in the upper part of the grain and silty endosperm in the lower part. China rarely cultivates.
7. Wax type: also known as enamel type. The grain endosperm is all keratinous but opaque and waxy, and the endosperm is composed almost entirely of amylopectin. Food like glutinous rice, sticky and soft palatability. China has only sporadic cultivation.
8. Burst type: small grains, rice grains or pearl-shaped, endosperm is almost all keratin, hard and transparent texture, seed coat mostly white or red. Especially suitable for processing popcorn and other puffed foods. There are sporadic cultivation in China.
9. There are pod types: the seeds are wrapped in long pods, and the seeds are hard and difficult to thresh. It is a primitive type and has no cultivation value.
By color
1. Yellow corn: The seed coat is yellow, including slightly reddish yellow corn. The U.S. standard states that the content of other colors in yellow corn should not exceed 5.0%.
2. White corn: The seed coat is white, including slightly pale yellow or pink corn. The U.S. standard states light yellow as light straw color, and stipulates that the content of other color corn in white corn does not exceed 2.0%.
3. Black corn: Black corn is a special type of corn. The corneous layer of the grain deposits melanin to varying degrees, giving it a dark, shiny appearance.
4. Waxy corn: Cohesive corn.
5. Miscellaneous corn: The above three types of corn are mixed with more than 5.0% corn of this category. The Chinese national standard is defined as corn mixed with more than 5.0% of corn outside this category. The American Standard states that the color can neither meet the color requirements of yellow corn nor meet the color requirements of white corn, and contains white top yellow corn.
By quality
1. Conventional corn: The most common and most commonly grown corn.
sweet corn
2. Special Corn: Refers to all types of corn except conventional maize. The traditional special corn includes sweet corn, waxy corn and popcorn. The newly developed special corn includes high-quality protein corn (high-lysine corn), high-oil corn and high-amylose corn. Because special corn has higher technical content and greater economic value than ordinary corn, they are called “high-value corn†in foreign countries.
3. Sweet corn: Usually divided into ordinary sweet corn, enhanced sweet corn and super sweet corn. The requirements for production technology and harvest period of sweet corn are relatively strict, and the variety of sweet corn grown in China with short shelf life can basically meet the market demand.
4. Waxy corn: Its production technology is much simpler than that of sweet corn. Compared with ordinary corn, it has almost no special requirements. The harvesting period is relatively flexible and the shelf life is relatively long. No special storage and processing conditions are required. Waxy corn is an important raw material for the starch processing industry in addition to fresh food. China's waxy corn breeding and production are developing very fast.
5. High-oil corn: High oil content, especially where the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and oleic acid reaches 80%,
The pictures of corn (20 photos) have the effect of lowering serum cholesterol and softening blood vessels.
6. High-quality protein corn (high lysine maize): The yield is not lower than that of normal corn, and the total grain lysine content is 80-100% higher than that of normal corn. In some regions of China, high-yield and high-quality combination has been achieved.
7. Purple corn: It is a very rare corn variety. It is called "black pearl" because of its granular shape. Although the quality of the purple corn is excellent and specific, it is small and small, with a yield of only 50 kilograms per mu.
8. Others: These include high-starch special corn, silage corn, edible corn hybrids, and controversial Xianyu 335 transgenic seeds.
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