First, the type and characteristics of pear buds
Pear buds are single buds, pear buds are divided into leaf buds and mixed buds (flower buds), buds on the growing branches are all buds, and there are also buds on the middle or long fruiting branches. During the growth and development of pear trees, due to the accumulation of nutrients and the environment, there are differences in the nature of the same branch. If the leaf buds are well developed and the carbohydrate reserves are sufficient, the apical buds differentiate into flower buds in the fall, and the branches are the result branches, and the other leaf buds still germinate as growth branches. The mixed shoots sprouted short shoots and flowered on top of the short shoots. If the new shoots occur in early spring, the temperature is low, and the photosynthesis ability is poor. At this time, the buds formed are not substantial, often the buds or axillary buds, and the spring can also grow into growing branches.
The branching rate of pears is less than that of peaches, and it is only less than 20%. Generally, secondary branches are rarely found in the same year. However, the sprouting rate of pear shoots is high, and almost all of the obvious shoots can germinate and grow. However, the number of long shoots produced during the year is not much.
Second, the type and characteristics of branches
Pear branches are divided into growing branches and fruiting branches, where branches without flower buds are growing branches, and those with flowering branches are the resulting branches. The growing branches are divided into four types:
1. Ordinary growing branches 30-60 cm long, internodes long, well organized, full of leaf buds.
2, leggy branches grow more upright, more than 100 centimeters long, internodes long, stout, the organization is not full, shoots more tears.
3, slender branches less than 30 cm, branches thin, axillary buds enriched.
4. The branches with the weakest growth after germination of the middle shoots and buds, with only one end bud (leaf shoot), less than one inch in growth, and more wrinkles on the branches, are the scales of the top buds.
The results are divided into the following branches: 1, long fruiting branches: branch length 30 cm or more, the top buds become flower buds, axillary buds near the tip is also a flower bud, the lower part of the bud can be converted into short fruit branches the following year, young trees are more Branches results. 2. Middle fruit: 30 cm in length, 5 cm in short, buds in the end buds and nearby buds, and buds in the branches. 3, short fruit branches: 5 cm in length, the appearance of the middle branch, only the apical buds.
The branch of a pear tree sprouts in spring regardless of the top flower bud or bud flower bud, and a very short new shoot is picked up, resulting in a flowering result at its top end. The short-cut shoot is gradually enlarged due to the transportation and stimulation of a large number of nutrients to form a "fruit table". "Fruit Taiwan" is actually a shortened fruit branch. After a short fruit branch has been bifurcated for many years, the short fruit branches and the middle branches are clustered to form a short fruit branch group, which is commonly called a chicken claw branch.
Third, flowering habits
The pear flower is in the form of an umbrella or corymbus. In an inflorescence, the outer flower opens first, the central flower opens, and an inflorescence bears 5-9 flowers. Each flower has 5-6 petals, and there are double petals, stamens 20 - 30 pieces, 56 ventricles, and 4-5 stigmas. Pear blossoming needs temperatures above 10 degrees. Low temperature, high temperature, slow flowering, long flowering period. The temperature is dry and sunny, the flowering is fast, the flowering period is short, the temperature rises above 15 degrees, the flowering is normal, and the flowering is unanimous. Pear blossoms should generally be open in the spring. Due to poor management, drought in summer, damage to pests and diseases, early defoliation, and autumn flowering, commonly known as “autumn flowersâ€, this situation will affect the increase in output and quality in the coming year. Avoid "autumn flowers" as much as possible.
The sooner or later the flowering of the pear and the length of the flowering period differ from variety, climate, soil, and management. The same variety differs from year to year and the flowering period differs sooner or later. However, sooner or later, the flowering period of different varieties and varieties is still relatively consistent, such as crest and crispness. Green and clear fragrances are early flower types. The new century, Xizi green, and jade crowns are the middle flower types.
The pear tree is a self-cultivated tree species, its own pollen can not form a large number of fruits, cultivation needs to be properly configured pollination tree in order to achieve fertilization set fruit. In the production practice, we often see some changes in the shape, color, and quality of pear fruit after fertilization. This change is called the phenomenon of direct pollen, and it is important to correctly select the pollination tree and assist in pollination.
The falling of pears is a normal phenomenon of self-clearance. There are generally 3 times physiological drop in the annual cycle, the first time after the fall of flowers, and the second time after the first drop of fruit. It is about 1 week after the first fruit drop. Occurs in early May. Causes of fruit drop, the first and second times are mainly due to incomplete pollination and fertilization. The third drop is related to the former, but it is mainly due to lack of nutrition and water, poor soil management, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, excessive summer shoots, Contributing to the contradiction between nutrients caused by tip fruits will cause a lot of fruit drop.
Pear buds are single buds, pear buds are divided into leaf buds and mixed buds (flower buds), buds on the growing branches are all buds, and there are also buds on the middle or long fruiting branches. During the growth and development of pear trees, due to the accumulation of nutrients and the environment, there are differences in the nature of the same branch. If the leaf buds are well developed and the carbohydrate reserves are sufficient, the apical buds differentiate into flower buds in the fall, and the branches are the result branches, and the other leaf buds still germinate as growth branches. The mixed shoots sprouted short shoots and flowered on top of the short shoots. If the new shoots occur in early spring, the temperature is low, and the photosynthesis ability is poor. At this time, the buds formed are not substantial, often the buds or axillary buds, and the spring can also grow into growing branches.
The branching rate of pears is less than that of peaches, and it is only less than 20%. Generally, secondary branches are rarely found in the same year. However, the sprouting rate of pear shoots is high, and almost all of the obvious shoots can germinate and grow. However, the number of long shoots produced during the year is not much.
Second, the type and characteristics of branches
Pear branches are divided into growing branches and fruiting branches, where branches without flower buds are growing branches, and those with flowering branches are the resulting branches. The growing branches are divided into four types:
1. Ordinary growing branches 30-60 cm long, internodes long, well organized, full of leaf buds.
2, leggy branches grow more upright, more than 100 centimeters long, internodes long, stout, the organization is not full, shoots more tears.
3, slender branches less than 30 cm, branches thin, axillary buds enriched.
4. The branches with the weakest growth after germination of the middle shoots and buds, with only one end bud (leaf shoot), less than one inch in growth, and more wrinkles on the branches, are the scales of the top buds.
The results are divided into the following branches: 1, long fruiting branches: branch length 30 cm or more, the top buds become flower buds, axillary buds near the tip is also a flower bud, the lower part of the bud can be converted into short fruit branches the following year, young trees are more Branches results. 2. Middle fruit: 30 cm in length, 5 cm in short, buds in the end buds and nearby buds, and buds in the branches. 3, short fruit branches: 5 cm in length, the appearance of the middle branch, only the apical buds.
The branch of a pear tree sprouts in spring regardless of the top flower bud or bud flower bud, and a very short new shoot is picked up, resulting in a flowering result at its top end. The short-cut shoot is gradually enlarged due to the transportation and stimulation of a large number of nutrients to form a "fruit table". "Fruit Taiwan" is actually a shortened fruit branch. After a short fruit branch has been bifurcated for many years, the short fruit branches and the middle branches are clustered to form a short fruit branch group, which is commonly called a chicken claw branch.
Third, flowering habits
The pear flower is in the form of an umbrella or corymbus. In an inflorescence, the outer flower opens first, the central flower opens, and an inflorescence bears 5-9 flowers. Each flower has 5-6 petals, and there are double petals, stamens 20 - 30 pieces, 56 ventricles, and 4-5 stigmas. Pear blossoming needs temperatures above 10 degrees. Low temperature, high temperature, slow flowering, long flowering period. The temperature is dry and sunny, the flowering is fast, the flowering period is short, the temperature rises above 15 degrees, the flowering is normal, and the flowering is unanimous. Pear blossoms should generally be open in the spring. Due to poor management, drought in summer, damage to pests and diseases, early defoliation, and autumn flowering, commonly known as “autumn flowersâ€, this situation will affect the increase in output and quality in the coming year. Avoid "autumn flowers" as much as possible.
The sooner or later the flowering of the pear and the length of the flowering period differ from variety, climate, soil, and management. The same variety differs from year to year and the flowering period differs sooner or later. However, sooner or later, the flowering period of different varieties and varieties is still relatively consistent, such as crest and crispness. Green and clear fragrances are early flower types. The new century, Xizi green, and jade crowns are the middle flower types.
The pear tree is a self-cultivated tree species, its own pollen can not form a large number of fruits, cultivation needs to be properly configured pollination tree in order to achieve fertilization set fruit. In the production practice, we often see some changes in the shape, color, and quality of pear fruit after fertilization. This change is called the phenomenon of direct pollen, and it is important to correctly select the pollination tree and assist in pollination.
The falling of pears is a normal phenomenon of self-clearance. There are generally 3 times physiological drop in the annual cycle, the first time after the fall of flowers, and the second time after the first drop of fruit. It is about 1 week after the first fruit drop. Occurs in early May. Causes of fruit drop, the first and second times are mainly due to incomplete pollination and fertilization. The third drop is related to the former, but it is mainly due to lack of nutrition and water, poor soil management, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, excessive summer shoots, Contributing to the contradiction between nutrients caused by tip fruits will cause a lot of fruit drop.
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