Tomatoes are the tomatoes we know. The range of tomatoes grown in China is very wide. The taste of tomatoes is sweet and sweet. It can be used as an appetizer and vitamin C. The content of lycopene and other antioxidants will increase significantly after cooking. To reduce the risk of heart disease and anti-aging, tomatoes are favored by people.
First, tomato early blight
1. Symptoms of the disease Tomato early blight mainly infects stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. It is easy to develop under high temperature and high humidity conditions and can be infected during the whole growth period. Tomato early blight mainly survives over the winter, and gradually spreads upward from the lower leaves at the time of onset. In severe cases, the lower leaves are all dead. At the beginning of the disease, small black spots appear in the leaves, and then the black spots are continuously expanded to form the wheel spots. The fruit infection begins to form a depression near the flower bud, and the late fruit cracks the dense black mold layer and turns red earlier.
2. Prevention methods
(1) Agricultural control Strictly carrying out quarantine and quarantine can effectively prevent the expansion of infected areas. Three-year rotations of disease-resistant and non-solanth crops were selected to avoid the use of potato, pepper, eggplant and other solanaceous crops. In management, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and light transmission, strictly control temperature and control humidity. Rational fertilization and irrigation should not be applied to nitrogen fertilizer. During the fruiting period, the diseased plants and diseased fruits are cleaned up in time, and the lower diseased leaves are removed and buried or burned to prevent the spread of germs.
(2) Seed disinfection Put the seeds into hot water at 55~60 °C, and keep the water temperature balanced for 20~30 minutes.
(3) Chemical control Spraying 75% chlorothalonil WP 500-600 times before the onset of disease can prevent the occurrence of diseases. In the early stage of the disease, 80% mancozeb WP can be sprayed with 500 times.
Second, tomato virus disease
1. Symptoms of the disease Tomato virus disease is a disease caused by a virus. The main symptoms of the disease are fern leaf type, mosaic type, and leaf type.
2. Prevention methods
(1) Agricultural control viruses are mainly invaded through wounds through field farming operations such as snoring and pruning. To prevent and cure tomato virus disease, comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control should be adopted. Choose disease-resistant hybrids and disease-free seeds. It is necessary to carry out more than three years of rotation with non-solanaceae crops. Rationally apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to cultivate robust plants and improve disease resistance of plants.
(2) Seed disinfection Seeds should be soaked in water for 3 to 4 hours, then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for about 15 minutes, washed with water and then sown.
(3) Chemical control In the early stage of the disease, 1.5% of the phytoleptic emulsifiable concentrate 800 times or the virus A500 times solution can be sprayed, and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 times. (4) To prevent aphid-borne virus, spray 10% imidacloprid 800~1 000 times solution or 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable oil 1500 times solution to control aphids.
Third, tomato umbilical rot
1. Symptoms of the disease Umbilical rot is also called top rot and the disease only occurs on the fruit. Tomato umbilical rot is a physiological disease without pathogens. The main causes of the disease are high temperature, uneven soil moisture and moisture, and uncoordinated water supply, which affects the normal absorption of nutrients by plants. Calcium deficiency in the plant can not supply the normal growth and development requirements of the fruit, resulting in physiological disorders of the umbilical cells leading to disease. Young fruit and immature green fruit are easy to get sick. At the beginning of the disease, dark green water-immersed lesions appear in the umbilicus at the top of the fruit, and later become black or red mold to spread over half of the fruit. red.
2. Prevention methods
(1) Agricultural disease control uses disease-resistant varieties. Rational fertilization can produce robust plants. Add organic fertilizer and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer. Note that the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied to nitrogen fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 1:0.65:0.32. Evenly in case of high temperature, pay attention to small water and pay attention to keep the soil moist.
(2) Chemical control The flowering result period is a key period for absorbing calcium. From the beginning of flowering stage, the leaf surface should be sprayed with calcium fertilizer in time, which can be sprayed with 1% aqueous solution of superphosphate.
  Fourth, cotton bollworm
1. Hazard symptoms Cotton bollworms, also known as carnivores, can occur on tomatoes for 2 to 3 generations a year, and pests overwinter in the soil. The flower buds, fruits and tender stems of the larvae foraging plants are mainly caused by the formation of holes, disease, and decay due to being eaten by the larvae. The damage of cotton bollworm to tomato is different in different organs. The young buds turn yellow and fall off after being damaged. The young fruit is first foraged and then gradually hollowed out; some flesh is eaten on mature fruit, which seriously affects tomato yield and quality. .
2. Prevention methods
(1) Agricultural control of autumn tillage and winter irrigation to eliminate wintering mites can effectively reduce the number of wintering insect populations. Can be planted with corn traps to concentrate on trapping cotton bollworms. Remove the insects in time to minimize the number of insect populations.
(2) Chemical control The cotton bollworm is mainly used in the mid-June period to spray pyrethroid pesticides in the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of cotton bollworm.
(3) Physical control In the middle and late June, the cotton bollworm is in the period of spawning. The black light or the willow branches can be used to trap and kill the insects.
Five, ground tiger
1. Hazard symptoms Before the 3rd instar, the larvae of the larvae fed the leaves to form white spots or small holes; after 3 years of age, they began to endanger the stems and roots of the plants, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges.
2. Prevention methods
(1) Agricultural control implements autumn and winter irrigation to eliminate winter insects. In the middle and late April, the shovel was removed during the larvae of the tiger larvae.
(2) Physical control In early May, black light was hung on the edge of tomato to trap adults.
(3) The poison bait traps 90% trichlorfon mixed with frying bran or oil residue, and the poison bait is made at a ratio of 1:100 and sprinkled around the root of the plant to trap the tiger larvae.
(4) Chemical control with 20% of pyrethroid 1500 to 2,000 times solution for root irrigation.
The above is the main types of pests and diseases of tomatoes. As long as the farmers do a good job in the prevention and control of tomatoes, they will increase yields.
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