Horseshoes are also called cockroaches, and their bulbs are edible. The flesh is crisp, delicious, and can be eaten by raw food. It is very popular among people. Horseshoes are cultivated throughout China. The following describes the cultivation techniques of horseshoes.
First, germination and seedling
(1) Selection of stocks from the high-yield polders: The sturdy, hypertrophic and traits are consistent, and the bulbs are fully mature and the buds are non-invasive. Generally, 50 to 60 bulbs are selected from 1 mu of stalks. After the selected bulbs are slightly dried, they can be stored. Bamboo baskets can be used for storage. First, a layer of fine wet sand or warm and clean loess of about 10 cm thick is placed on the bottom of the basket. After all, put a layer of fine sand or crushed loess on the top and add a layer of straw to keep warm. Spray water once every 15 days or so (when the humidity is high, do not spray water) and pay attention to heat preservation and rodent control.
(2) Germination and germination began to germination from the end of March to the beginning of April. After the bulbs are concentrated in the sand bed, the top buds will germinate rapidly as the temperature rises and the temperature inside the membrane increases. When the seedlings (after about 20 days) grow to 10 cm high, they are moved to the fertile field of seedlings in the soil. Before transplanting, attention should be paid to the ventilating of the seedlings. In the period of nursery in Putian, shallow water irrigation should be carried out, and the seedling fertilizer and seedling fertilizer should be applied diligently, and 2.5 kg of urea should be applied per mu. It can be transplanted to Daejeon by mid-July.
Second, Daejeon Management
(1) Soil conditions
Sandy soil cultivation with shallow, thin, and fertile tops should be selected.
(2) Suitable transplanting period
è¸è It can be transplanted from July 10th to July 30th. The best transplanting period is around July 15.
(3) Cultivation density
The yield of 3000 plants per mu is the highest, the fertility level is high, and the density of the transplanting period should be appropriately reduced.
(4) Fertilizer and water management
1 mu with 1500 kg of cow dung, 35 kg of calcium mirror phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of urea as the base ~ E.; 7 to 10 days after transplanting combined with cultivating and topdressing 1 time to return to green and Yin fertilizer, 1 mu of urea 4 ~ 5 kg; In the period of the vines (the end of August) and the ball-forming period (mid-September), the cultivating and weeding were combined with the cultivating of the seedlings and the bulbs, and the fertilizers were used for the application of urea and sulfuric acid for 4 to 5 kg each. The principle of total irrigation is: shallow water irrigation in the early stage, alternating dry and wet in the middle stage, and dehydrated drying in the later stage.
(5) Common pests and diseases The common disease is cockroaches, and the main pests are Baiheqi.
Third, harvest
It can be harvested from the beginning of the winter to the spring of the next year, but it is best for the winter solstice to the small cold. The four-toothed mining should be carried out on sunny days, and the excavation should be carried out one by one when mining. Adhere to the method of “seeing mud, knowing the trend, diluting the shovel, and turning the slab†to dig, clean, and damage less.
Fourth, prevention and control of pests and diseases
1. Diseases: Common diseases mainly include blight, stem rot, sclerotinia, etc. Farmers call "è¸è 瘟" as a result of the joint action of these diseases. It occurs in the high temperature and high humidity season, and it is a devastating disease. It has the characteristics of early onset and rapid spread of disease. At the beginning of the disease, the lesions were dark green water stains, and later expanded into yellow spots.
Control method: eliminate the bacterial source: before germination, soak the seedlings with 25% carbendazim 500 times solution for 8-10 hours, before planting, there will be bud bulbs soak for 1-2 hours; seedbed and 2-3 years before the field It should be planted; the water source of Putian should be fresh and not suitable for string irrigation.
Early prevention: in the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP powder can be used to dilute 500-1000 times or 45% dexamethasone 100 times solution, or 70% thiophanate 800 times solution, and spray 2-3 times every 5 days. The control effect is better.
2. Pests: Common insect pests mainly include aphids, mites, and aphids.
Control method: Oxidized dimethoate or enemy killing can be used to prevent and control.
Horseshoe storage method
Cylinder: After mining, it will be placed on the brick floor for 12-15 days. After being properly dried, it will be placed in the indoor large ceramic tank. The pottery cylinder should be placed in a dry and ventilated place with a storage capacity of about 80-100 kg per cylinder, and the mouth of the cylinder filled with crucibles should be covered. It should be noted that the cockroaches stored in the pottery cylinder have a strong breathing effect in the early stage of storage, and the cylinder head must be uncovered to facilitate ventilation and ventilation. In the winter tank with low temperature and coldness, a layer of straw insulation should be covered, and the rainy weather is caused by high humidity. It is necessary to promptly expose the dehumidification, and the hot and hot season should be covered in time to prevent the evaporation of water in the stalk bulb to cause dry rot. The cockroaches stored in the terrarium must be turned over once every 25-30 days during storage. According to this method, it can be stored for more than half a year.
Kiln storage: Before storage, spray 2.5% carbendazim or 40%-methyl thiophanate 400-500 times at the kiln bottom and kiln body for disinfection. Lay a layer of fine soil at the bottom of the kiln, and sprinkle a layer of dry fine soil for each 20-25 cm thick shovel until it is filled with fine soil 20 cm from the kiln mouth, and surrounded by 30 cm thick soil to form a center. The high and low-lying skull shape covers the kiln mouth and shoots.
Sand Tibetan: After the excavation, use bricks in a cool house or underground room. Place 5-7 cm thick fine sand at the bottom of the pit, arrange the stalks on the sand surface, cover the sand 3-4 cm thick. The stalks are discharged and the pile height is no more than 1 meter.
Solution: The harvested stalks are removed from the stalks and quickly immersed in sodium hypochlorite solution for storage. Using this method, when the temperature is between 0-2 ° C and the relative humidity is between 90% and 100%, the preservation of the bulb can be up to 10 months, and the storage period below 5 ° C can reach 6-8 months.
Stacking: It is advisable to choose the earthy floor in the cool room. First, lay a layer of dry fine soil on the ground and surround it with a mat, or use a brick to form a pool, and then layer a layer of dry fine soil.
Dried fruit products as the name implies, dried fruit products are pre-treated fruits after selection, washing and dehydration to the water content of 15 ~ 25% products. The volume of dried fruit is about 11 ~ 31% of that of Fresh Fruit, and the weight is about 10 ~ 25% of that of fresh fruit, so it can significantly save the cost of packaging, storage and transportation, and it is easy to eat and carry. Common dried fruits are raisins, red dates, dried mango, dried kiwi, dried strawberry and so on.
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