Heavy snowfall is the 21st solar term of the year. At this time, the lowest temperature in most parts of China has fallen below 0°C. In areas where strong cold air fronts are confronted with cold and warm air, heavy snow falls easily. The snow is cold and sunny, and the sunshine hours are short and the haze days are increasing. This is not conducive to the growth of vegetable crops and flowering results. The growth rate is gradually slow and the harvesting period is delayed. The snow-throwing vegetable production activities are mainly concentrated in solar greenhouses and nursery sheds. It is a crucial period for the management of wintering alfalfa vegetables, and it is also a suitable period for planting seedlings in early spring next year.
Greenhouse leek seedlings in the greenhouse in the next year
â—† Warm temperature Solanaceous vegetables In early spring, the suitable sowing time for tomato, eggplant, and pepper is in December and mid-December. The greenhouse seedlings with good lighting and heat preservation performance were used, and 50 holes or 72 holes were used to raise the seedlings. Peat and vermiculite were used as substrates. If the ground temperature is lower than 15°C, a geothermal heating line and a temperature controller should be installed to increase the ground temperature. Selecting good varieties with early maturity, good quality, and strong disease resistance, eggplant should use “Jingqie 6†and “Haifeng Changqian 2â€; sweet peppers should use “Jingtian 3†and other varieties. Do seed soaking and seed soaking, choose sowing on sunny days, sow every germinating seed for each hole, and sow a seed at 5-6 points on each edge of the plate to make up for seedlings; watering topdressing and increasing light during seedling raising . The general seedling age is 50-60 days, and it is planted in the solar greenhouse in the middle and middle of February.
â—† Cabbage and leafy vegetables Cabbage, cauliflower, green cauliflower, lettuce, celery, lettuce and other vegetables in the greenhouse in mid-December or small arch shed nursery. Use 128 holes or 72 points plug seedlings, peat, vermiculite as a substrate. During the nursery, watering fertilizer is applied in time to increase light. The general seedling age is 50-70 days. It is planted in greenhouses or small sheds from late January to early February. It is planted in greenhouses in early March and is available in spring.
Solar greenhouses pay attention to insulation and cold protection
As early as this year's cold air comes, the winter temperature is expected to be lower than in previous years, so we must do everything possible to make the greenhouse warm and cold work. First of all, carefully inspect the insulation of the front roof, south foot, back slope, back wall, doorway, rear window, cold ditch and exhaust fan of the greenhouse, and measure the temperature in the greenhouse in the morning at 6 am, 10 am, and noon. Temperatures and 10 centimeters of ground temperature values ​​for different periods of time, such as 2 o'clock and night. For tomato and other thermophilic crops, the suitable growth temperature is 23°C-30°C during the day, 15°C-18°C at night, and 20°C-22°C for the ground temperature; the suitable growth temperature for cold-resistant crops such as celery is 20°C-23°C during the day and nighttime. 10 °C -12 °C, the ground temperature is about 15 °C. For greenhouses where the temperature does not meet the crop growth requirements, carefully analyze the reasons, and take measures to prevent cold and heat insulation as early as possible for weak insulation areas. You can use multi-layer covering methods in the shed, covers outside the shed to cover the grass or insulation, and other measures to increase the temperature. In case of short-term extreme cold weather, warming combustion blocks, electric heating furnaces, Yuba light bulbs, and two-story grasshoppers should be used to prevent frost damage.
Solar greenhouses do a good job of day-to-day management
◆Adjustment of a suitable growth environment This stage is most important for regulating the temperature, humidity, and lightness in a greenhouse. It is related to whether the plants can grow robustly, whether the fruit can sit and quickly inflate, and the disease infestation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the indoor environment so that the crop can grow and develop in the most suitable environment most of the time. First of all, according to the weather and the indoor temperature situation in time to expose, cover up, but must adhere to more light, timely release, especially after watering and cloudy days must be a short time ventilation and dehumidification. Tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and other thermophilic crops can be released at room temperature when they reach 30°C, closed at 25°C, and covered with cockles at room temperature at 20°C in the evening; secondly, they often wipe the greenhouse film to increase the light transmittance; Again, according to different crops to adjust the different air humidity, pepper, cucumber and celery and other leafy vegetables suitable air humidity 60% -85%, tomato, eggplant between 45% -55%. In case of cloudy days, dry sawdust, dried rice hulls, dried leaves, and other dry stalks that were prepared in advance should be thrown into the surface of the ground. This can effectively absorb the moisture in the shed and prevent the indoor humidity from being excessive and cause damage.
◆ Strengthen plant adjustment and fruit management In time, the lateral branches and lower leaves, yellow leaves, and diseased leaves that grow in the plant are destroyed, and ventilation is strengthened. Tomatoes and cucumbers cultivated in winter and long-term seasons should be planted or continuously replaced to extend the fruiting period. Tomatoes and eggplants should be sprayed with growth regulators such as "High Yield Agent No. 2" or "Fructonin", which are safe for the product, and be adjusted to different concentrations according to the room temperature. Tomatoes should be opened at 3-4 flowers per spike. Re-spray treatment. When tomatoes are pollinated using bumblebee pollination or pollinator, they should ensure that the temperature in the shed reaches 18°C, otherwise, other methods should be used to promote fruit setting. Remove excess fruit and malformed fruit as soon as possible.
â—† Scientific Watering Determine the time and amount of watering based on weather, plant growth, watering methods, and soil. Watering should be done on a sunny morning, and do not water on a cloudy or snowy day. Using watering methods such as drip irrigation, micro-spraying, or under-membrane irrigation can improve ground temperature and water conservation. Set a storage tank or storage tank in the greenhouse, and store it for three days before watering to increase the temperature of the irrigation water. When watering, do not increase the amount of water at each time. Use water to keep the water and keep it wet. Management to minimize air humidity in the shed.
â—† Reasonable fertilization According to the characteristics of the crop's fertilizer requirements and plant growth, topdressing can be done to achieve balanced fertilization of NPK and trace elements, with particular emphasis on the application of potash fertilizer, and to enhance the ability of plants to resist cold. Appropriate choice of liquid fertilizers that can be easily absorbed is good, usually topdressing once every 10-15 days, drip irrigation, each topdressing "Christmas tree" and other water-soluble fertilizers about 5 kg; under the film under irrigation, each way NPK fertilizer content of more than 40% of fertilization 7-8 kg. Foliage spray fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed.
â—† timely harvesting of tomatoes, cucumbers and other fruits and fruits in the best fruit ripening period timely harvest, to prevent pods and affect the plant continue to result. Try to pick the harvest on a sunny morning and pick it up gently. Celery and loose-leaved lettuce can be harvested by successively stripping the outer leaves, so that the heart leaves continue to grow to extend the growth period, thereby increasing yield. Spinach, rape and other root vegetables such as leaves and radish, to improve the quality of the refurbishment, bundled and tidy, improve commodity value.
â—† Pest control Low temperature and high humidity are favorable for soil-borne diseases such as gray mold, sclerotinia, eggplant blight, tomato late blight and cucumber downy mildew. In addition, insect pests such as whitefly, aphid, and spotted fly are also occurring from time to time. To strengthen ventilation and ventilation, adjust the appropriate temperature and light environment, and adopt integrated control measures such as hanging the armyworm yellow plate and blue plate trapping and killing adults to control the occurrence of pests and diseases. When the above measures cannot be effectively controlled, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides should be used for prevention and control. Conditional greenhouses should preferentially use normal-temperature spraying equipment to spray pesticides, which has the advantages of high speed and labor saving, and more importantly, water consumption. Small amount does not increase indoor humidity; it can also be controlled by dust powder spraying and fumigant-type fumigation, and it can also effectively reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and control the spread of the disease. It is necessary to strictly implement the provisions for re-harvesting after the application of safety intervals to ensure product safety.
Sunlight greenhouse snow removal in time
In the snowfall days, the snow on the shed is promptly removed to prevent the melting of snow from reducing its thermal insulation effect on grasshoppers or insulation. After stopping the snowfall on snow days and cloudy days, under the premise of ensuring the temperature in the greenhouse above 12°C, the grasshoppers can be uncovered before and after noon to allow the crops to receive scattered light; in case of a long and chilly day, the grasshoppers should be separated by a piece of grass. Play one piece, or roll the insulation in half to prevent the plants from wilting due to strong sunshine; in field operations such as dressing, watering, pruning, and fruit thinning, etc. cannot be performed on snow and cloudy days. For some greenhouses with large spans and poorly framed solids, the greenhouse scaffolds should be supported and reinforced in time to prevent the collapse of the greenhouses during snowfall.
Storage dishes often check the temperature
Vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, scallion, and spinach should be frequently checked for temperature to prevent overheating or under freezing. With the decrease of the outside temperature, it is necessary to gradually thicken the cover or cover the insulation. The storage temperature of Chinese cabbage stored in live cellar is 0°C-2°C, and it is adjusted in time when it is too high or too low. Every day, it is necessary to ventilate and change the air; every 10-15 days, the vegetables are dropped once and the yellowish leaves are promptly removed. Close the ventilation holes at a proper time and strengthen ventilation to ensure safe storage of autumn vegetables. Http://
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