The betel nut was originally one of the important medicinal plants. In some minorities in the south, the fruit was used as a chewing hobby. It is one of China's four major South medicines (the other three are puzzles, Amomum villosum, and Bacchi) which contain various nutrients and beneficial substances needed by the human body, and it has the functions of eliminating product, eliminating phlegm, treating malaria, killing insects, etc. Efficacy is the medical effect of healing doctors in the past. Cut open boiled water to drive the locusts. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty is recorded as follows: "Lingnan people use the betel nut as the substitute for tea. There are four merits: One can make it drunk and cover the food for a long time. However, Su Dongpo's so-called "red tide" cheeks and drunken betel nut are also the second one: drunkenness can make him wake up. After covering the wine and chewing, then the wide gas squats and the rest of his life is settled. Can make it full. Cover empty stomach food, then full of Qi Sheng as full, full of food, then the diet will soon disappear."
Pharmacological effects
1. Anthelmintic effect: Betel nut decoction has an anthelmintic effect on aphids, aphids, aphids, ginger insects, schistosomiasis and other effects. Cut open boiled water can drive maggots, its insect repellent has also been confirmed by clinical studies. In particular, it has a strong anthelmintic effect on aphids, and this effect may be related to the similar nicotinic nature of arecoline, which can paralyze the paralysis of the nervous system. It is generally believed that betel nut has the strongest effect on pork aphids, and it also has effects on short aphids, broad-spotted aphids, and ginger insects. In vitro tests also have a paralytic effect on murine worms.
2. Parasympathetic effects: Arecoline is similar to pilocarpine, physostigmine, and muscarinic, but has a long-lasting stability. The most significant and appropriate dose of smooth muscle can increase the tension and peristalsis of the bowel, have laxative effect, and can reduce flatulence; can make the gastrointestinal mucosa secrete hyperthyroidism, and then increase appetite; can stimulate sweat glands and salivary glands, so that sweat and Increased saliva secretion; with the betel base hydrobromide eye drops, the pupil can be reduced, it can be used to treat glaucoma, in addition, there is contraction of the bronchi, slow heart rate, and can cause blood vessels to dilate, blood pressure, rabbit coronary artery after application shrink.
3. Antiviral effect: Betel nut has the effect of inhibiting influenza virus.
4. Anti-fungal effects: 1:3 betel nut decoction has different degrees of inhibition on some dermatophytes.
The main ingredient is alkaloids, which also contain condensed tannins, fats, and betel red pigments.
Arecoline is an effective insect repellent ingredient, which has obvious cariogenic effects on aphids and has different degrees of inhibition on dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes. In addition, the effect of arecoline is similar to that of pilocarpine. Excitatory M-cholinergic receptors cause increased glandular secretion, miosis, bronchoconstriction, slowing of heart rate, dilation of blood vessels, and decrease of blood pressure. It also proves that betel nut contains carcinogenic substances.
Clinically used for diarrhea, ascites, indigestion and other diseases.
Toxicity: Excessive arecoline caused runny nose, vomiting, diuresis, lethargy and convulsions.
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